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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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antagonistic
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acting in opposition; mutually opposing
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electrolytes
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mineral salts that carry an electrical charge in solution
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glucagon
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hormone produced by pancreatic alpha cells that increases the blood glucose level by stimulating the liver to change stored glycogen to glucose
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glucose
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simple sugar that is the end product of carbohydrate digestion
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homeostasis
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relative constancy or balance in the internal env. of the body, maintained by processes of feedback and adjustment in response to external or internal changes
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hormones
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chemical substances produced by specialized cells of the body that are released slowly in minute amounts into bloodstream
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insulin
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hormone produced by pancreatic beta cells that acts to remove sugar from the blood by promoting its storage in tissues as carbs
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sympathomimetic
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agent that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system
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target
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structure, organ, or tissue to which something is directed
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adren/o; adrenal/o
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adrenal glands
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calc/o
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calcium
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crin/o
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secrete
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gluc/o; glyc/o; glycos/o
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sugar, sweetness
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home/o
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same, alike
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kal/i
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potassium
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pancreat/o
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pancreas
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parathyroid/o
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parathyroid glands
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thym/o
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thymus gland
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thry/o; thyroid/o
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thyroid gland
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toxic/o
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poison
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-crine
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secrete
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-dipsia
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thirst
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-gen
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forming, producing, orgin
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-toxic
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poison
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-uria
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urine
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eu-
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good, normal
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exo-
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outside, outward
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hyper-
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excessive, above normal
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hypo-
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under, below
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poly-
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many, much
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acromegaly
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chornic metabolic disorder characterized by a graual, marked enlargement and thickening of the bones of face and jaw
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diuresis
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increased formation and secretion of urin
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glucagon
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hormone secreted by the pancreatic alpha cells
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glucose
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simple sugar that is the end product of carbohydrate digestion
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glycosuria
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glucose in the urine or abnormal amount of sugar in the urine
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Graves disease
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multisystem autoimmune disorder characterized by pronounced hyperthyroidism usually associated with enlarged thyroid gland and exophthalmos
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hirsutism
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excessive distribution of body hair, especially in women
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hypercalcemia
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excessive amount of calcium in the blood
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hyperkalemia
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excessive amount of potassium in the blood
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hypervolemia
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abnormal increase in the volume of circulating fluid (plasma) in the body
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hyponatremia
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abnormal condition of low sodium in the blood
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insulinoma
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tumor of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas
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obesity
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excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body's skeletal and physical standards, usually 20% or more above ideal body weight
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morbid obesity
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BMI of 40 or more, which is generally 100 pounds or more above ideal body weight
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panhypopituitarism
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total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and general loss of hormonal activity
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pheochromocytoma
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small chromaffin cell tumor, usually located in the adrenal medulla
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thyroid storm
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crisis of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism caused by the release into the bloodstream of increased amount of thyroid hormone; aka thyroid crisis or thyrotoxic crisis
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virile
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masculine or having characteristics of a man
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virilism
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masculinization in a woman or development of male secondary sex characteristics in the woman
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exophthalmometry
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test that measures the degree of forward displacement of the eyeball as seen in Graves disease
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fasting blood glucose
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test that measures blood glucose levels after a 12-hour fast
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glucose tolerance test (GTT)
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test the measures the body's ability to metabolize carbs by administrating a standard dose of glucose and measuring glucose levels in the blood and urine at regular intervals
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insulin tolerance test
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test that determines insulin levels in serum (blood) by administrating insulin and measuring blood glucose levels in blood at regular intervals
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protein-bound iodine (PBI)
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test that measures the concentration of thyroxine in a blood sample
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thyroid function test (TFT)
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test that detects an increase or decrease in thyroid function
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total calcium
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test that measures calcium to detect bone and parathyroid disorders
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radioactive iodine uptake
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administration of radioactive iodine (RAI) orally or IV as a tracer to test how quickly the thyroid glands takes up iodine from the blood
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thyroid scan
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after injection of a radioactive subastance, a scanner detects raioactivity and visualizes the thyroid gland
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microneurosurgery of the pituitary gland
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microdissection of a tumor using a binocular surgical microscope for magnification
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parathyroidectomy
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excision of one or more of the parathyroid glands, usually to control hyperparathyroidism
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pinealectomy
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removal of the pineal body
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thymectomy
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excision of the thymus gland
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thyroidectomy
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excision of the thyroid gland
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