Chapter 13

Front 1

_____located at the begining of the pulmonary,allow blood going the lungs to flow out of the right ventricle, prevent flow back to ventricle?

Back 1

the pulmonary semilunar valve

Front 2

_____located at the beginning of the aorta, allow blood to flow out of the left ventricle up into aorta, and prevent backflow?

Back 2

the aortic semilunar valve

Front 3

allow some blood flowing back into the chamber?

Back 3

incompetent valve leak

Front 4

_____valves that are narrower than normal, slowing the heart flow?

Back 4

stenosed vavles

Front 5

______cardiac damage delayed inflammatory by streptococcal infection most in children?

Back 5

rheumatic heart disease

Front 6

untreated streptococcal infection, the cardiac valves and other tissues lead to?

Back 6

rheumatic fever

Front 7

severe inflammation of_____ caused by streptococcal infection result in stenosis or deformities of the valve, chordae tendinae or myocardium?

Back 7

cardiac valves

Front 8

1.____has genetic basis but result from rheumatic fever?
2.______the flab extend back into the left atrium, causing incompletence(leaking) of the valve

Back 8

1. mitral valve prolapse ( affecting the bicuspid or mitral valve)
2. prolapsed mitral valve

Front 9

abnormal heart sound called____caused by disorder of the valves?

Back 9

heart murmurs

Front 10

when the heart beats first, the atria contract simultaneously. this is___?

Back 10

atrial systole

Front 11

blood enters the right atrium through two large___?

Back 11

superior vena cava and inferior vena cava

Front 12

the right atrium receives__?

Back 12

oxygen-poor blood

Front 13

when the right ventricle contract, blood pumps through the pulmonary semilunar valve into the____?

Back 13

pulmonary artery and to the lungs, where oxygen is added and carbon dioxide is lost

Front 14

rich oxygen blood return to the left atrium through___?

Back 14

four pulmonary veins, then passes through left AV or bicuspid into the left ventricle

Front 15

the left ventricle contracts, blood force through aortic seminular valve into____?

Back 15

the aorta and distributed to the body.

Front 16

the delivery of oxygen and nutrient rich arterial blood to cardiac muscle tissue and return of oxygen poor blood from active tissue to the venous system, is called?

Back 16

coronary circulation

Front 17

blood flows into the heart muscle by____?

Back 17

the right and left coronary arteries

Front 18

blood cannot pass through the occluded vessel and cannot reach the heart muscle cell because of___?

Back 18

coronary thrombosis and coronary embolism plugs up some part of a coronary artery

Front 19

deprived of oxygen, cells soon die, called?

Back 19

myocardial infarction (tissue death)

Front 20

coronary arteries become blocked as a result of___?

Back 20

atheroclerosis, "hardening of the arteries" (ligpids build up on the inside wall)

Front 21

myocardial infarction (MI) also referred as?

Back 21

heart attack, a common cause of death

Front 22

risk factor associated with coronary atherosclerosis___?

Back 22

cigarette smoking, high-fat, high cholesterol diets,obesity, hypertension, and diabetes

Front 23

___describes the severe chest pain when myocardium has not enough oxygen

Back 23

angina pectoris

Front 24

____common treatment for those who suffer from severely restricted coronary artery blood flow?

Back 24

coronary bypass surgery

Front 25

"harvested" or removed from other areas of the body and bypass partial blockage in coronary arteries and also treat blockages to coronary blood flow, called__?

Back 25

coronary angioplasty

Front 26

each complete heart beat called__?

Back 26

cardiac cycle

Front 27

cardiac cycle includes?

Back 27

systole (contraction) and diastole (relaxation) of atria and ventricles

Front 28

each complete cycle takes about__?

Back 28

0.8 seconds if 72 beat/min

Front 29

valve disorder, coronary artery blockage, or myocardial infarction can decrease___?

Back 29

stroke volume

Front 30

decreased cardiac output can result___?

Back 30

fatigue or death

Front 31

the cardiac muscle fiber contract rhythmically when___?

Back 31

coordinated by electrical impulses

Front 32

the rate of the cardiac muscle rhythm controlled by___?

Back 32

autonamic nerve signals

Front 33

the electrical link that join muscle fibers into a single unit that conduct throughout the heart w/o stopping?

Back 33

intercalated disks

Front 34

four structures embedded in the wall of the heart are to generate and conduct strong impulse to region of heart wall?

Back 34

1. sinoatrial node(SA) or pacemaker
2. atrioventricular(AV) node
3. AV bundle or bundle His
4. Purkinje fiber

Front 35

electrical signals can be picked up from the body surface and surface and transformed into visible tracing by and instrument, called___?

Back 35

electrocardiograph

Front 36

____is the graphic record of the heart's ecletrical activity?

Back 36

electrocardiogram or ECG

Front 37

a normal ECG has three characteristic deflections or waves?

Back 37

P wave, QRS complex, and T wave

Front 38

P wave, QRS complex and T wave represnt___?

Back 38

electrical activity that regulates the contraction or relaxation of the atria or ventricles.

Front 39

___describes the electrical activity that triggers contraction of the heart muscle?

Back 39

depolarization

Front 40

___begin before the relaxation phase of cardiac muscle activity?

Back 40

repolarization

Front 41

P wave occurs with____?

Back 41

depolarization of the atria

Front 42

the QRS complex occurs as___?

Back 42

result of depolarization of the ventricles

Front 43

T wave results from electrical activity generated by___?

Back 43

repolarization of the ventricles

Front 44

endocarditis or myocardial infarction can damge the heart's conduction system and disturb the rhythmic beating; the abnormal heart rhythm is called__?

Back 44

dysrhythmia

Front 45

rhythm abnormalities is called?

Back 45

arrhythmia

Front 46

dysrhythmia is also called?

Back 46

heart block

Front 47

in AV node block,impulses are blocked from getting through to the ventricular myocardium, resulting from slower rate than normal?

Back 47

heart block

Front 48

___occurs when the P waves do not match up with the QRS complex?

Back 48

complete heart block

Front 49

treat heart block by implanting in the heart an___?

Back 49

artificial pacemaker ( a battery operated device under the skin)

Front 50

___slow heart rhythm below 60 beats/min, during sleep?

Back 50

Bradycardia

Front 51

___take over SA node function only when the heart rate falls below programmed level

Back 51

demand pacemaker

Front 52

____rapid heart rhythma over 100 beat/min?

Back 52

Tachycardia

Front 53

improper autonomic control of the heart, blood loss or shock, the action of drugs and toxin and fever cause__?

Back 53

abnormal tachycardia

Front 54

___is a variation in heart rate during the breathing cycle?

Back 54

sinus dysrhythmia

Front 55

___contractions that occur before the expected contraction in a series of cardiac cycle?

Back 55

premature contraction or extrasystoles

Front 56

___occurs shortly after the ventricle contract- an early P wave on the ECG

Back 56

premature atrial contractions

Front 57

premature contraction occur with lack of___

Back 57

sleep, too much caffeine or nicotine, alcoholism or heart damage

Front 58

frequent premature contraction can lead to___?

Back 58

fibrillation

Front 59

____a condition in which cardiac muscle fibers contract out of step with each other such as absence of P wave in ECG or abnormal QRS or T wave?

Back 59

fibrillation

Front 60

___occur commonly in mitral stenosis, rheumatic heart disease and infarction of the atrial myocardium

Back 60

atrial fibrillation

Front 61

____is an immediatly life-threatening condition in which the lack of ventricular pumping stop the flow of blood

Back 61

ventricular fibrillation

Front 62

___application of an electric shock to force cardiac muscle fiber to contract in rhythm? (treatment of fibrillation)

Back 62

defibrillaiton

Front 63

____detect a person's heart rhythm using small electrode pads placed in the torso?

Back 63

Automatic external defibrillator (AEDs)

Front 64

____is the inability of the heart to pump enough blood to sustain life

Back 64

heart failure

Front 65

_____ or disease of the myocardial tissue may reduce pumping effectiveness?

Back 65

cardiomyophathy

Front 66

myocardial infarction result in myocardial damage may lead to__?

Back 66

heart failure

Front 67

dysrhythmias such as complete heart block or ventricular fibrillation can impair the ___?

Back 67

pumping effectiveness and heart failure

Front 68

right side heart failure caused by lung disorder the obstruct normal pulmonary blood flow and overload the right side of the heart, condition called__?

Back 68

cor pumonale

Front 69

the inability of the left ventricle to pump blood effectively?

Back 69

congestive heart failure (CHF) or left sided heart failure

Front 70

____decrease pumping pressure in the systemic circulation, causing body to retain fluids?

Back 70

congestive heart failure

Front 71

left-sided heart failure cause congestion of blood in the pulmonary circulation, called?

Back 71

pulmonary edema

Front 72

the right atrium and ventricle performing____ from the left atrium and ventricle?

Back 72

different function

Front 73

___the volume of blood ejected from one ventricle with each beat?

Back 73

stroke volume

Front 74

___amount of blood that one ventricle can pump each minute, average is about 5 L/min at rest?

Back 74

cardiac output

Front 75

SA (sinoatrial) node, the pacemaker located?

Back 75

in the wall of right atrium in superior vena cava