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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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normal microbiota
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microorganisms colonizing human body without harm
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transient microbes
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rapidly lost
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pathogenic microbes
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invade and damage the cell and tissue
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the uterus is
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germ free
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1st exposures to microbes
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-through birth canal
-feeding -and family members |
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infection starts with..
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invasion of a pathogen
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invasion successfulness depends on
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-ability of microbe to cause disease in another organism
-virulence-degree of pathogenic |
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microbe enters body through
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-portal of entry
-attaches to host -cause disease |
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How microbes enter a host?
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-mucus membrane
-open skin |
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Common infectious agents
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-staphylococcus aureus
-streptococcus pyogenes -clostridium |
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other ways of microbe penetration
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-digestive enzyme
-insect bites -hypodermic needles |
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Infectious dose for..
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-Q fever(rickettia)-1cell
-Tuberculosis- 10 cells -Gonorrhea-1,000 cells -Chloera-1,000,000,000 cells |
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Ways to attach to host
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-fimbriae
-capsules -spikes(viruses) |
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adherence
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pathogens(ligands on glycocclyx) bind to (receptors) of host
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What recognizes pathogens?
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White blood cells
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Pathogens can do two things
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-be engulfed by phagocytes
-or invade phagocytosis and produce toxins and capsules and live in phagocyte |
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Virulence factors
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-exoenzymes and toxins directly affect the host tissue
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Exoenzymes
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-produced by pathogens that dissolve structural chemicals in the body
-coagulaases-to protect against phagocytes -kinase-digest the blood cells |
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Bacterial Toxins
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-Exotoxin-actively excreted by living cell
-Endotoxin-part of the cell wall of Gr- |
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Exotoxins
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-released from bacteria cells
-proteins and enzymes -Clostridium Botulinum-neurotoxin prevents nerve impulses -tetanus toxin-Clostridium tetani-muscle spasms |
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Endotoxins
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-outer layer of cell wall Gr-
-lipopolysaccharides -released from cell wall to cause symptoms -chills, fever, weakness aches, shock/death |
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Potency of Toxin
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Botulinum toxin-0.03ng/kg
-Shiga toxin-250 ng/kg -can cause fever, diarrhea, cardiovascular ruptures, shock, inhibit protein synthesis, disrupt nervous system |
