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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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asexual reproduction
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one parent produces genetically identical offspring by mitosis
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sexual reproduction
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two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the two parents
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karyotype
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the ordered display of the pairs of chromosomes froma cell
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autosomes
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the 22 pairs of chromosomes that do not determine sex
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sex chromosomes
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X and Y chromosomes
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meiosis
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production of gametes results in one set of chromosomes in each gamete
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mitosis
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production of somatic cells and develops into an adult
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fertilization
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the union of gametes
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zygote
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fertilized egg is called
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prophase
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typically occupies more than 90% of the time required for meiosis This is when chromosomes begin to condense crossing over occurs
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metaphase
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In metaphase I, tetrads line up at the metaphase plate, with one chromosome facing each pole
Microtubules from one pole are attached to the kinetochore of one chromosome of each tetrad and microtubules from the other pole are attached to the kinetochore of the other chromosome |
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anaphase
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Homologous chromosomes separate where one chromosomes moves toward each pole, guided by the spindle apparatus
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telophase
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Cytokinesis usually occurs simultaneously, forming two haploid daughter cells
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synapsis
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homologous chromosomes loosely pair up, aligned gene by gene
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crossing over
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homologous chromosomes loosely pair up, aligned gene by gene
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chiasmata
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X-shaped regions where crossing over occurred
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independent assortment
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each pair of chromosomes sorts maternal and paternal homologues into daughter cells independently of the other pairs
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crossing over
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produces recombinant chromosomes which combine genes from each parent, contributes to genetic variation
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random fertilization
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adds to genetic variation because any sperm can fuse with any ovum
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