Chapter 13 & 14 Med Terms

Front 1

Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICHS)

Back 1

source: pituitary gland
stimulates ovulation in the female. stimulates the secretion of testosterone in the male

Front 2

anabolic steriods

Back 2

are chemically related to the male sex hormone testosterone. used to illegally increase strength and muscle mass

Front 3

functions of the pituitary gland

Back 3

primary function of the pituitary gland is to secrete hormones that control the activity of other endocrine glands

Front 4

growth hormone (GH)

Back 4

aka somatotropic hormone, regulates the growth of bone, muscle, and other body tissues

Front 5

gigantism

Back 5

aka giantism, is abnormal overgrowth of the entire body that is caused by excessive secretion of the growth hormone before puberty

Front 6

diabetes insipidus

Back 6

is caused by insufficient production of the antidiuretic hormone or by the inability of the kidneys to respond appropiately to this hormone

Front 7

pineal gland

Back 7

secretes the hormone melatonin, which influences the sleep and wakefulness portions of the circadian cycle

Front 8

2 primary throid hormones

Back 8

thyroxine and triiodothyronine. rate of secretion is controlled by the thyroid-stimulating hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Front 9

cretinism

Back 9

is a congenital form of hypothroidism. can cause arrested physical and mental development if not treated soon after diagnosis

Front 10

myxedema

Back 10

aka adult hypothyroidism, is caused by extreme deficiency of thyroid secretion. includes swelling, around the eyes and cheeks

Front 11

thyroid storm

Back 11

aka thyrotoxic crisis, is a relatively rare, life-threatening condition caused by exaggerated hyperthyroidism

Front 12

graves' disease

Back 12

is an autoimmune disorder that is caused by hyperthyroidism, is characterized by goiter and/or exophthalmos

Front 13

osteitis fibrosa

Back 13

is a complication of hyperparathyroidism in which bone becomes softened and deformed, and may develop cysts

Front 14

hypoparathyroidism

Back 14

is caused by an insufficient or absent secretion of the parathyroid hormone

Front 15

tetany

Back 15

the condition of periodic, painful muscle spasms and tremors

Front 16

insulin

Back 16

is the hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets in response to high blood sugar levels

Front 17

diabetes mellitus

Back 17

is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both

Front 18

type 1 diabetes

Back 18

is an autoimmune insulin deficiency disorder caused by the destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells

Front 19

type 2 diabetes

Back 19

is an insulin resistance disorder

Front 20

gestational diabetes

Back 20

is a form of diabetes mellitus that occurs during some pregnancies. usually disappears after delivery

Front 21

heart disease

Back 21

occurs because excess blood sugar makes the walls of the blood vessels sticky and rigid

Front 22

kidney disease

Back 22

can lead to renal failure because damage to the blood vessels reduces blood flow through the kidneys

Front 23

peripheral neuropathy

Back 23

is damage to the nerves affecting the hands and feet

Front 24

cortisone

Back 24

aka hydrocortisone, is the synthetic equivalent of corticosteroids produced by the body. administered to suppress inflammation and as an immunosuppressant

Front 25

testosterone

Back 25

is secreted by the testicles, stimulates the development of male secondary sex characteristics

Front 26

prostate gland

Back 26

during ejaculation, the prostate gland secretes a thick, alkaline fluid into the semen that aids the motility of the sperm

Front 27

impotence

Back 27

aka erectile dysfunction, is the inability of the male to achieve or maintain a penile erection

Front 28

andropause

Back 28

aka male menopause, is marked by the decrease of the male hormone testosterone

Front 29

anorchism

Back 29

is the absence of one or both testicles

Front 30

cryptochidism

Back 30

aka undescended testicle, is a developmental defect in which one or both of the testicles fail to descend into their normal position in the scrotum

Front 31

epididymitis

Back 31

is inflammation of the epididymis that is frequently caused by the spread of infection from the urethra or the bladder

Front 32

hydrocele

Back 32

is a fluid-filled sac in the scrotum along the spermatic cord leading from the testicles

Front 33

priapism

Back 33

is a painful erection that lasts 4 hours or more but is not accompanied by sexual excitement

Front 34

spermatocele

Back 34

is a cyst that develops in the epididymis and is filled with a milky fluid containing sperm

Front 35

testicular cancer

Back 35

is the most common cancer in american males between the ages of 15 and 34 years

Front 36

testicular torsion

Back 36

is a sharp pain in the scrotum caused by twisting of the vas deferens and blood vessels leading into the testicle

Front 37

testicular pain

Back 37

aka orchalgia, is a pain in one or both testicles

Front 38

testitis

Back 38

aka orchitis, is inflammation of one or both testicles

Front 39

varicocele

Back 39

is a knot of varicose veins in one side of the scrotum

Front 40

sperm count

Back 40

aka sperm analysis, is the testing of freshly ejaculated semen to determine the volume plus the number, shape, size, and motility of the sperm

Front 41

circumcision

Back 41

is the surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis

Front 42

castration

Back 42

aka bilateral orchidectomy, is the surgical removal or destruction of both testicles

Front 43

vasectomy

Back 43

is the male sterilization procedure in which a small portion of the vas deferens is surgically removed

Front 44

genital herpes

Back 44

is caused by herpes simplex virus type 2. symptoms include itching or burning before the appearance of lesions (sores)

Front 45

genital warts

Back 45

caused by hpv, is highly contagious, in the male it effects the urethra, in the female it infects the external genitalia, cervix, and vagina

Front 46

hpv

Back 46

vaccine is available to prevent the spread of this disease

Front 47

syphilis

Back 47

caused by bacterium treponema pallidum, has many symptoms that are difficult to distinguish between stds

Front 48

trichomoniasis

Back 48

aka trich, is an infection caused by the protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis. most common symptoms in infected women is a thin, frothy, yellow-green, foul-smelling vaginal discharge

Front 49

fundus

Back 49

is the bulging, rounded part above the entrance of the fallopian tubes

Front 50

perimetrium

Back 50

is the tough, membranous outer layer of uterus

Front 51

myometrium

Back 51

is the muscular middle layer of the uterus

Front 52

endometrium

Back 52

is the inner layer of the uterus, consists of specialized epithelial mucosa that is rush in blood vessels

Front 53

menstruation

Back 53

aka menses, is the normal periodic discharge of the endometrial lining and unfertilized egg from uterus

Front 54

menopause

Back 54

is the normal termination of the menstrual function. gone for 1 year without period***

Front 55

perimenopause

Back 55

the transition phase between regular menstrual periods and no periods at all

Front 56

oophoritis

Back 56

is inflammation of an ovary

Front 57

salpingitis

Back 57

is an inflammation of a fallopian tube

Front 58

endometriosis

Back 58

is a condition in which patches of endometrial tissue escape the uterus and become attached to other structures in the pelvic cavity

Front 59

cervical cancer

Back 59

is the 2nd most common cancer in women and usually affects women between the ages of 45 and 65 years

Front 60

cervicitis

Back 60

is an inflammation of the cervix that is usually caused by an infection

Front 61

endocervicitis

Back 61

is an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the cervix

Front 62

colporrhexis

Back 62

means tearing or laceration of the vaginal wall

Front 63

premature menopause

Back 63

is a condition in which the ovaries cease functioning before age 40 years due to disease, a hormonal disorder, or surgical removal

Front 64

papanicolaou test

Back 64

aka pap smear, is an exfoliative biopsy for the detectiong of conditions that can be early indicators of cervical cancer

Front 65

conization

Back 65

aka cone biopsy, is the surgical removal of a cone-shaped specimen of tissue from the cervix

Front 66

curettage

Back 66

is the removal of material from the surface by scraping with an instrument known as a curette

Front 67

mammoplasty

Back 67

is a general term for a cosmetic operation on the breasts

Front 68

mastopexy

Back 68

is mammoplasty to affix sagging breasts in a more elevated position

Front 69

chorion

Back 69

is the thin outer membrane that encloses the embryo

Front 70

colostrum

Back 70

is a specialized form of milk that delivers essential nutrients and antibodies in a form that the newborn can digest

Front 71

meconium

Back 71

is the greenish material that collects in the intestine of a fetus and forms the first stools of a newborn

Front 72

preeclampsia

Back 72

aka pregnancy-induced hypertension or toxemia, is a complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, edema, and proteinuria (abnormally high lvl of protein in the urine)

Front 73

eclampsia

Back 73

a more serious form of preeclampsia, is characterized by convulsions and sometimes coma

Front 74

chorionic villus sampling

Back 74

is the examination of cells retrieved from the chorionic villi, which are minute, vascular projections on the chorion

Front 75

amniocentesis

Back 75

is a surgical puncture with a needle to obtain a specimen of amniotic fluid

Front 76

cesarean section

Back 76

aka c-section, is the delivery of the child through an incision in the maternal abdominal and uterine walls

Front 77

episiotomy

Back 77

is a surgical incision made through the perineum to enlarge the vaginal orifice to prevent tearing of the tissues as the infant moves out of the birth canal