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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what makes a plant
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plants create their own food
plants are sessile and mostly terrestrial plants are multicellular |
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shoot
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part of the plant that shoots upward out of the ground ( stem and leaves)
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challenges for plants that are stationary
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obtaining food
finding a mate resisting predation |
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challenges with plants moving onto land
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gravity- solved, earliest plants grew very close to the ground as mosses do today, in order to resist the pull of gravity
desiccation- plants developed na outer waxy layer called a cuticle |
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non vascular plants
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moss
liverwort hornwort common characteristics: distribute water and nutrients throughout thplant by diffusion |
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spores
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single cells, containing DNA, RNA and a few proteins
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moss life cycle
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sperm and egg
embryo diploid moss haploid moss |
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most familiar primitive vascular plant
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ferns
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sporangia
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an enclosure in which spores are formed
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vascular seedless plants
name 2 common characteristics |
katote tree ferns
common horsetail distribute water and nutrients throughout the plant with a circulatory system of vascular tissue release haploid spores, dispersed by the wind, which grow and produce gametes |
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what is a seed
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a package that contains a multicellular embryo and a store of carbohydrate, endosperm to fuel its growth
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endosperm
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nutritive issue
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two modern groups of seed producing plants
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gymnosperms- evergreen trees
angiosperms- all flowering plants and trees |
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pollen grains
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male gametophytes
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ovules
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female gametophyte
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gymnosperms
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distribute water and nutrients throughout the plant with a "circulatory system" of vascular tissue
reproductive structures called cones produce the gametes fertilization produces seeds |
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groups of gymnosperms
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conifers
cycads- slow growing gymnosperms of tropical and subtropical regions gnetophytes- composed of 3 groups Gnetum, ephedra, and welwitschia... shruby |
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ginkgo
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ginkgo biloba is only remaining species
fan shaped leaves outer covering of seed emits an odor |
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gymnosperm life cycle
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male cones release pollen grains that are dispersed by th wind to ovules found beneath the scales of female cones
pollen grains releaese sperm that fertilize an egg within the ovule fertilization creates a diploid embryo that matures into a seed eventuallt, the seed is released from female cone and grows a new tree |
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angiosperms
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distribute water and nutrients throughout th plant with a circulatory system of vascular tissue
produce flowers, which produce gametes seeds are enclosed with an ovule (trees, bushes, herbs, and grasses |
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bribery requires
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a
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difference between cell walls in plants versus fungus
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carbohydrate chitin
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unique aspects of fungus
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fungi are decomposers or symbionts
fungi are anchored to the organic material on which they feed cell walls made of chitin |
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most commonly encountered fungis
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yeasts
mushrooms of phylum basidiomycota molds |
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multicellular and long thread like structures
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fungus that causes athletes foot
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mycelium
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form in which a fungus spends most of its time
mass of tissue of interconnected hyphae |
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largest organism in the world
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yellow honey mushroom fungus covering 4 square miles mostly underground
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underground reproductive structure of fungus
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the tuber
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mycosis
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general term for a disease that is caused by fungus such as athletes foot
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what makes penicillium unique
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made from bacteria, but is now a widely prescribed antibacterial
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mycorrhizae
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a symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a vascular plant
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