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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Transformation |
The act or process of transmorming |
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Bacteriophage |
Any group of viruses that infect specific bacteria, usually causing disintegration or dissolution |
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Nucleotide |
Any of a group of molecules that, when linked together, form the building blocks of DNA or RNA: composed of a phosphate group, the bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine, and a pentose sugar, in RNA the thymine base being replaced by uracil. |
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Base Pairing |
The process of binding separate DNA sequences by pairs |
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Chromatin |
The readily stainable substance of a cell nucleus, consisting of DNA, RNA, and various proteins, that forms chromosomes during cell division |
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Histone |
Any of a group of five small basic proteins, occurring in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, that organize DNA strands into nucleosomes by forming molecular complexes around which the DNA winds |
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Replication |
The process by which double-stranded DNA makes copies of itself, each strand, as it separates, synthesizing a complementary strand |
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DNA polymerase |
Any of a class of enzymes involved in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid from its deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate precursors. |
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Gene |
The basic physical unit of heredity; a linear sequence of nucleotides along a segment of DNA that provides the coded instructions for synthesis of RNA, which, when translated into protein, leads to the expression of hereditary character |
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Messenger RNA |
A single-stranded molecule of RNA that is synthesized in the nucleus from a DNA template and then enters the cytoplasm, where its genetic code specifies the amino acid sequence for protein synthesis |
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Ribosomal RNA |
A type of RNA, distinguished by its length and abundance, functioning in protein synthesis as a component of ribosomes |
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Transfer RNA |
A small RNA molecule, consisting of a strand of nucleotides folded into a clover-leaf shape, that picks up an unattached amino acid within the cell cytoplasm and conveys it to the ribosome for protein synthesis. |
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Transcription |
The process by which genetic information on a strand of DNA is used to synthesize a strand of complementary RNA |
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RNA Polymerase |
RNA that synthesizes the information the formation of RNA from DNA template during transcription |
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Promoter |
A gene that activates transcription |
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Intron |
A noncoding segment in a length of DNA that interrupts a gene-coding sequence or nontranslated sequence, the corresponding segment being removed from the RNA copy before transcription |
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Exon |
Any portion of an interrupted gene that is represented in the RNA product and is translated into protein |
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Codon |
A triplet of adjacent nucleotides in the messenger RNA chain that codes for a specific amino acid in the synthesis of a protein molecule |
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Translation |
The process by which a messenger RNA molecule specifies the linear sequence of amino acids on a ribosome for protein synthesis. |
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Anticodon |
A sequence of three nucleotides in a region of transfer RNA that recognizes a complementary coding triplet of nucleotides in messenger RNA during translation by the ribosomes in protein biosynthesis |
