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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sexual dimorphism |
difference in size, shape, or color between the sexes |
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members of Homo differ from Australopithecus by ? |
increases in brain and eventually body size, and decreases in tooth and jaw size. |
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what are anatomical features of H. habilis? |
-brain size from 500 to 750 cc -smaller molar teeth and jaws than the australopithecines |
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some scholars divide the Homo habilis species into? |
a larger-brained and smaller-brained group. |
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usually the smaller-brained (Homo habilis) group is called? |
H. habilis |
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the larger-brained (Homo habilis) group is called? |
H. rudolfensis |
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so far H. habilis is restricted mostly to?
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eastern Africa
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the Homo habilis species appears about ? |
1.9 million years ago |
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the last Homo habilis species is dated to? |
1.4 million years ago |
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H. habilis is associated with? |
Oldowan stone tools |
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what are the Homo erectus anatomical features? |
-larger average brain and body size that H. habilis, however there is a great deal of size variation in H. erectus. -members have long, low, and relatively angular cranial vaults, often with well-developed supraorbital and occipital tori and other superstructures -their teeth suggest a different diet that Australopithecus and a slightly different diet than Homo |
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when did Homo erectus first appear? |
about 1.8 to 1.9 million years ago and persist until perhaps 100,000 years ago |
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even though Homo erectus was initially an African species, when did they disperse into Asia and Southeast Asia? |
by about 1.7 million years ago |
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only which members of the Homo erectus appear to have made Acheulean tools? |
african |
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what are the 2 species that some scholars divide the Homo erectus into based on cranial anatomy? |
-H. ergaster in Africa H. erectus in Asia |
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what suggests that H. erectus grew more quickly than we do but more slowly than do living African apes or Australopithecus? |
dental evidence |
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_______ was larger than earlier hominins |
their average body size
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but there was a great deal of __________ , which may be related to sexual dimorphism, regional differences, or differences in nutrition or climate. |
variation in body size |
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what suggests that meat and marrow became a more consistent part of the diet of Homo and H. erectus providing a high-quality resource in addition to gathered plants. |
the archaeological record |
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(homo erectus) What does the larger body size suggest? |
an expansion of home-range size |
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what may be related to this hominin's (homo erectus) ability to disperse from Africa? |
a web of interrelated factors including: -a shift to greater animal resource use -larger ranging -body size |
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also known as the Oldowan industry, these tools first appear around 2.6 million years ago |
Core and Flake Industries |
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flakes struck from cores have |
sharp edges useful for cutting |
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hammerstones were used for? |
flaking and to smash open animal bones to access marrow |
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Who were core and flake industries made by? |
-H. habilis -H. erectus -possibly some Australopithecus species |
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Acheulean industries typical tools include? |
bifacial handaxes and cleavers |
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Achulean industries appear around? |
1.6 million years ago and persist until about 140,000 years ago |
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these tools retain their cutting edges longer and are easier to hold than simple flakes and may be adaptations to carcass processing? |
acheulean industries |
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These were made by H. erectus and archaic H. sapiens? |
acheulean industries
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found at butchering sites provide evidence that early hominins were sometimes eating meat and marrow. |
broken and cut marked bones
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_______ (such as bones) provided high-quality resources |
animal resources
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studies of modern carnivores suggests what? |
that scavenging carcasses would have been a possible source of nutrition for early hominins. |
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many scenarios of the evolution of genus Homo consider new animal resources (such as bones) important but not necessarily exclusively responsible for?
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brain expansion |
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evidence from recent hunter-gatherers shows that the vast majority of the hominin diet must have come from? |
gathered plants |
