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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Functions of the heart
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-propels O2, Co2, nutrients, blood, and waste
-routes blood -generates blood pressure -ensures 1 way blood flow |
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Characteristics of the heart
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-size of a fist and weighs less that 1lb
-between lungs in thoracic cavity -apex(bottom) towards left side |
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Coverings
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Pericardium - double layered sac that anchors and protects the heart
Parietal Pericardium - membrane around heart's cavity visceral Pericardium - membrane on heart's surface pericardial cavity - space around the heart |
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Layers of the heart
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epicardium - surgace of the heart (outside)
myocardium - thick, middle layer cardiac muscle Endocardium - smooth inner surface |
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Cardiac Muscle
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-1 centrally located nucleus
-rich in mitochondria (energy) -striated -Intercalated disks - cell connections that allow it to beat as a unit |
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Chambers and blood vessels
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-4 chambers - LV RV LA RA
-Coronary sulcus - separates atria from ventricles -Cornary arteries - suppy blood to the wall of the heart |
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Atria
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-located in the upper portion
-holding chambers (blood) -Small, thin walled chambers -Contract minimally to push blood into ventricles -Interatrial septum - seperates the right and left atria |
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Ventricles
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-lower portion
-pumping chambers -thick, strong walled -contract forcefully to propel blood out of the heart -interventricular septum: seperates right and left ventricles |
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Right side of the heart
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Pulmonary circuit - carries blood from the heart to lungs
-blood is 02 poor and co2 rich |
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Right atrium
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-recieves blood from three places: superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus
-superior vena cava: drains blod above diaphram (head, neck, upper limbs) |
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inferior vena cava
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drains blood from below the diaphram (abdominopelvic cavity and lower limbs)
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cornary sinus
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drains blood from mycardium
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Right Ventricle
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Opens into the pulmonary trunk
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Pulmonary Trunk
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splits into pulmonary arteries
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Pulmonary Arteries
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carry blood away from heart and lungs
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Left side of the heart
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systemic circuit - carries blood from the heart to the blody
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Left Atrium
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4 openings (pulmonary veins) that recieve blood from lungs
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Left Ventricle
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Opens into aorta
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Aorta
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carries blood from the LV to the body
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Valves
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-structures that ensure 1 way blood flow
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Atrioventicular Valves (AV)
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between Atria and Ventricles
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Bicuspid valve
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AV valve betwen LA and LV
-2 cusps |
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Semilunar Valves
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pulmonary semilunar- found at base of pulmonary trunk
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aortic semilunar
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found at base of the aorta
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Chordae tendineae
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attached to AV valve flaps and support valves
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What happens when the Bicuspid Valve is open?
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-blood flows from the LA and into the LV
-the aortic semilunar valve is closed -Tension on the chordae tendineae is low |
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What happens when the Bicupsid Vlave is closed?
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-blood flows from the LV into the Aorta
-Aortic semilunar valve is open -Tension on chorae tendineae is high |
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Blood flow through the heart
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1) RA
2) Tricuspid Valve 3) RV 5) Pulmonary Semilunar Valve 6) Pumonary Trunk 7) Lungs 8) Pulmonary veins 9) LA 10) Bicuspid Valve 11) LV 12) Aortic semilunar valve 13) Aorta 14) Body |
