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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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genome
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all of cell's DNA (genetic info)
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chromosome
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individual DNA molecule
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chromatin
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chromosomal DNA and its protein scaffold
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sister chromotids
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2 indentical copies of a duplicated chromosome
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centromere
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point of attachment for sister chromotids
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somatic cell
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(most cells) cells that have two copies of each chromosome (diploid)
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gametes
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reproductive cells (sperm and egg)- haploid cells that have 1 copy of each chromosome
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cell cycle
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process of cell division (M, G1, S, G2 phases)
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mitosis
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M phase- nuclear division
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interphase
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main part of cell cycle (G1, S, G2)
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G1 phase
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cell prepares for DNA synthesis; usually grows in size
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S phase
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DNA is duplicated
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G2 phase
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cell checks fidelity of DNA replication; prepares for nuclear division
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mitosis subphases
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prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase/cytokinesis
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prophase
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1st usbphase of mitosis where chromatin is condensing and the mitotic spindle begins to form but the nucleus and nucleolus are still in tact
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prometaphase
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2nd subphase of mitosis where discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear, the nuclear envelope fragments and the spindle microtubles attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes
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metaphase
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the 3rdsubphase of mitosis in which the spindle is completed and the chromosomes attacheded to the microtubles at their kinetochores are all aligned at the metaphase plate
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anaphase
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4th subphase of mitosis where the chromatids of ech chromosomes have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell along the microtubles
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telophase
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the 5th and final subphase of mitosis where daughter nuclei are forming and cytokinesis have typically begun
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cytokinesis
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division of cytoplasm to form 2 separate daughter cells immediately after miosis
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