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377 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Respond to changes in chemical concentrates. (Examples O2, CO2, H+, pH, glucose)
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Chemoreceptors
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Receptor type in which senses include gustation and olfaction (taste and smell).
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Chemoreceptors
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Also called nociceptors, respond to tissue damage from excess mechanical, electrical, thermal or chemical energy sufficient to damage tissue.
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Pain Receptors
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Respond to changes in temperature
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Thermoreceptors
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Respond to physical force of some kind.
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Mechanoreceptors
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Respond to forces that deform the receptor corpuscle. Sense of TOUCH.
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Mechanorectors
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Sense changes in the tension of muscles, tendons, and joint capillaries.
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Propioceptors
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Sense changes in pressure. As in a blood vessel. Regulation blood pressure and heart rate.
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Baroreceptors
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Sense changes in length of a tissue. Muscle spindles in muscles and Golgi tendon organs in tendons. Regulation of inflation of the lungs.
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Stretch Receptors
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Respond to light of sufficient intensity. Eyesight and are only in the eyes.
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Photoreceptors
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(Sensation/Perception) is a physiological event.
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Sensation
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(Sensation/Perception) is not physiolocially based, but only interpretive.
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Perception
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Occurs when the brain becomes aware of sensory impulses.
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Sensation
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Sensory Adaptation occurs when the receptor or higher centers adapt to a _________.
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Stimulus
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Long term odors and continuous pressure or position is an example of....
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Sensory Adaptation
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Somatic Senses are
(1) Associated with changes at the __________. (2) Associated with changes in muscle length, tension or _________ ___________. (3) Associated with changes in viscera. |
(1) Body Surface
(2) Joint Position |
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Free Nerve Endings serve for touch and pressure, also ___________ and ________.
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Temperature & Pain
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Free Nerve Endings serve for _________ and __________, also temperature and pain.
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Touch & Pressure
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__________ _______ ______ serve for touch and pressure, also temperature and pain.
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Free Nerve Endings
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Serve for sensing motion in light touch and for texture. (Found in lips, fingertips, palms, soles, nipples and external genitals)
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Meissner's Corpuscles
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Meissner's Corpuscles serve for sensing motion of objects in _______ touch and for ______. (Found in lips, fingertips, palms, soles, nipples, and external genitals)
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Light; Texture
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Found in the deeper subcutaneous tissues; serve for sensation of deep touch. (Found in deeper tissues of palms, feet, penis, clitoris, urethra, breasts, tendons/ligaments of joints)
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Pacinian Corpscules
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Pacinian Corpscules are found in _________ subcutaneous tissue; serve for sensation of ______ touch. (Found in _________ tissues of palms, feet, penis, clitoris, urethra, breasts, tendons/ligaments of joints)
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Deeper
Deep Deeper |
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Sense of smell utilizes _______________.
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Chemoreceptors
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Sense of smell has _____________/solubility.
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Volatility
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The ability of a substance to be dissolved in air, or evaporate.
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Volatility
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The ability of a substance to be dissolved in water.
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Solubility
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Sense of smell must disperse in _________.
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Air
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Sense of smell must dissolve so it can pass through the __________ _________ that protects the membrane.
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Mucus Layer
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The chemicals that stimulate olfactory receptors are called ___________ ____________.
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Odorant Molecules
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Olfactory Nerve Endings pass through the foramina of the ___________ _________ of the ethmoid bone and between the columnar epithelial cells of the nasal mucosa.
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Cribriform Plate
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_______ __________ _______ pass through the foramina of the Cribform Plate of the ethmoid bone and between the columnar epithelial cells of the nasal mucosa.
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Olfactory Nerve Endings
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Olfactory Nerve Endings pass through the foramina of the Cribriform Plate of the ethmoid bone and between the _________ _________ ________ of the nasal mucosa.
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Columnar Epithelial Cells
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Olfactory nerves are the only nerve endings directly exposed to the _______ ____________.
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External Environment
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_________ _________ are the only nerve endings directly exposed to the external environment.
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Olfactory Nerves
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Olfactory Nerves provide a very short at direct path to the _______.
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CNS
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Olfactory Receptor Cells then synapse with the nerve fibers within the __________ _______ located on the undersurface of the forebrain.
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Olfactory Bulb
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_________ _________ ______ synapse with the nerve fibers within the Olfactory Bulb located on the undersurface of the forebrain.
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Olfactory Receptor Cells
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This synapses with Olfactory Receptor Cells and is located on the undersurface of the forebrain.
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Olfactory Bulb
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The Olfactory Tracts transmit impulses to the __________ ___________, a center for emotions and memory.
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Limbic System
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(FINAL STEP OF SENSE OF SMELL) Receptors undergo adaptation so the intensity of an odor ________ after time.
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Drops
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(FINAL STEP OF SENSE OF SMELL) Receptors undergo ____________ so the intensity of an odor drops after time.
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Adaptation
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Sense of taste utilizes ______________.
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Chemoreceptors
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(TRUE/FALSE) In Sense of Taste, Solubility is a requirement.
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TRUE
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(TRUE/FALSE) In Sense of Taste, Volatility is a requirement.
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FALSE
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A substance must be dissolved in _______ to contact the taste buds.
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Saliva
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A substance must be dissolved in saliva to contact the _______ _________.
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Taste Buds
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Taste buds are chemosensitive sensory nerve fibers associated with __________ __________.
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Lingual Papillae
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Taste buds are _____________ sensory nerve fibers associated with Lingual Papillae.
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Chemosensitive
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Taste Cells = __________.
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Receptors
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______ _______ = Receptors
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Taste Cells
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Taste Pore = Opening to ___________ of taste cells.
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Location
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______ _____ = Opening to location of taste cells.
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Taste Pore
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Taste Hairs = _________ part of the taste cell.
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Receptive
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Taste Hairs = Receptive part of the _______ ______.
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Taste Cell
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____ ______ = Recipive part of the taste cell.
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Taste Hair
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What are the four primary taste sensations?
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Sweet, Sour, Salty & Bitter
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What are the three non-primary taste sensations?
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Metallic, Alkaline & Umami
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MAU
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The Sensation of Taste undergoes __________ to continual stimulation.
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Adaptation
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Nerve pathways include the _______________ ___________ and vagus nerve to gustatory areas of the cerebral cortex of the parietal lobe.
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Glossopharyngeal Nerve
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Nerve pathways include the Glossopharyngeal Nerve and _________ ______ to gustatory areas of the cerebral cortex of the parietal lobe.
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Vagus Nerve
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External ears is called the ________ of the ear, or pinna.
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Auricle
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External ears is called the auricle of the ear, or _______.
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Pinna
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External ears function to direct ________ into the ear.
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Sound
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Sound enters the external ear by way of the ___________ ___________ ___________.
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External Acoustic Meatus
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The External Acoustic Meatus is how _______ enters through the external ear.
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Sound
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In the External Acoustic Meatus are statified squamous epithelium with modified sebaceous glands called _________ glands.
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Ceruminous
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These glands produce cerumen also called earwax. (Keeps bugs out)
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Ceruminous Glands
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Ceruminous glands produce __________, also called earwax. (Keeps bugs out)
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Cerumen
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Cerumen is also called ________. (Keeps bugs out)
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Earwax
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Cerumen keeps ____ out.
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Bugs
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The cerumen leads to the _____________ ________, or eardrum.
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Tympanic Membrane
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Cerumen leads to the Tympanic Membrane, or _____________.
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Eardrum
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Tympanic membrane separates the ________ ____ from the _________ _____.
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Outer Ear. Middle Ear
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(MIDDLE EAR)The Tympanic membrane vibrates with sound vibrations in the air and transfers the vibrations to the ___________.
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Ossicles
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(MIDDLE EAR) _______ attaches to the tympanic membrane.
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Malleus
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(MIDDLE EAR) Malleus attaches to the _________ _______.
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Tympanic Membrane
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(MIDDLE EAR) _______ recieves movement from the malleus and transmits it to the stapes.
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Incus
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(MIDDLE EAR) Incus recieves movement from the ______ and transmits it to the stapes.
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Malleus
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(MIDDLE EAR) Incus recieves movement from the Malleus and transmits it to the ________.
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Stapes
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(MIDDLE EAR) Stapes transmits the vibrational movement to the __________ __________.
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Oval Window
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(MIDDLE EAR) __________ transmits the vibrationsl movement to the Oval Window.
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Stapes
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(MIDDLE EAR) The net effect of the tympanic membrane and ossicles is to _____ the vibrations by about _____x.
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Amplify, 20x
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(MIDDLE EAR) Reason for amplification by the tympanic membrane is due to the differences in _______ of the air to liquid media.
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Air
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_________ ____ has a liquid lymphatic fluid-type medium of vibrational transfer.
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Inner Ear
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Inner Ear has a liquid lymphatic fluid-type medium of ___________ transfer.
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Vibrational
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Inner Ear has a liquid _________ fluid-type medium of vibrational transfer.
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Lymphatic
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(MIDDLE EAR) Also known as eustachian tube, opens into the nasopharynx to allow equilibrium of differences of pressure between the outside environment and the middle ear.
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Auditory Tube
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(MIDDLE EAR) The Auditory Tube opens into the nasopharynx to allow ____________ of differences of pressure between the outside environment and middle ear.
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Equilibrium
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(MIDDLE EAR) The Auditory Tube opens into the nasopharynx to allow Equilibrium of differences of ______________ between the outside environment and middle ear.
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Pressure
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Auditory tube may swell closed due to colds and result in problems during ____________ pressure problems.
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Atmospheric Pressure Problems
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Separates the Middle Ear from the Inner Ear.
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Oval Window
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The Oval Window allows the sound waves ___ and the Round Window lets them ____.
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IN => OUT
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The mechanical entrance to the cochlea, where sound becomes impulse.
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Oval Window
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The Oval Window is the mechanical entrance to the _________, where sound becomes impulse.
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Cochlea
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Where sound becomes impulse.
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Cochlea
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The Oval Window is the mechanical ________ to the Cochlea, Where sound becomes _______.
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Entrance
Sound => Impulse |
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Stapedius and _________ ____________ muscles regulate the transmission of sound waves through ossicles by making them more rigid to reduce the amount of vibration reaching the oval window.
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Tensor Tympani
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_________ and Tensor Tympani muscles regulate the transmission of sound waves through ossicles
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Stapedius
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Stapeduis and Tensor Typani muscles regulate the transmission of ______ _________ through ossicles.
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Sound Waves
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Stapedius and Tensor Tympani Muscles regulate the transmission of sound waves through the ____________ by making them more rigid to reduce the amount of vibration reaching the oval window.
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Ossicles
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Stapedius and Tensor Tympani Muscles regulate the transmission of sound waves through the ossicles by making them more rigid to reduce the amount of ___________ reaching the oval window.
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Vibration
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Stapedius and Tensor Tympani Muscles regulate the transmission of sound waves through the ossicles by making them more rigid to reduce the amound of vibrations reaching the ________ ___________.
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Oval Window
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A system of bony chambers and canals called a labyrinth.
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Inner Ear
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The Inner Ear is a system of bony chambers and canals called a _________.
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Labyrinth
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The Membranous Labyrinth contains two complex structures:
(1) = > Function to convert mechanical sound waves into neural sensory impulses (2) = > Function to convert inerial movement into neural sensory impulses |
(1) Cochlea
(2) Semicircular Canals |
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(INNER EAR) (LABYRINTH TWO COMPLEX STRUCTURES) This functions to convert mechanical sound waves into neural sensory impulses.
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Cochlea
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(INNER EAR) (LABYRINTH TWO COMPLEX STRUCTURES) The Cochlea functions to convert mechanical _____ _________ into neural sensory impulses.
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Sound waves
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(INNER EAR) (LABYRINTH TWO COMPLEX STRUCTURES) The Cochlea functions to convert sound waves into _________ __________ __________.
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Neural sensory impulses
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(INNER EAR) (LABYRINTH TWO COMPLEX STRUCTURES) Functions to convert inertial movement into neural sensory impulses.
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Semicircular Canals
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(INNER EAR) (LABYRINTH TWO COMPLEX STRUCTURES) The Semicircular Canal functions to convert _________ _________ into neural sensory impulses.
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Inertial Movement
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(INNER EAR) (LABYRINTH TWO COMPLEX STRUCTURES) The Semicircular Canal functions to convert inertial movement into ________ ________ ________.
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Neural Sensory Impulses
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The Cochlea & the Semicircular Canals are two systems joined by a chamber called the ___________.
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Vestibule
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The Vestibule is a chamber that joins the _________ & __________ _______ together.
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Cochlea & Semicircular Canals
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(INNER EAR) Cochlea has ______ long chambers in the memranous labyrinth.
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THREE
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(INNER EAR) The upper chamber of the cochlea, and contains perilymph. The sound comes in here.
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Scala Vestibuli
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(INNER EAR) The Scala Vestibuli is the upper chamber of the cochlea, and contains perilymph. The ____ comes in here.
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Sound
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(INNER EAR) In this chamber of the Cochlea, the sound is forced to take the "long way around" membranous labyrinth.
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Scala Vestibuli
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(INNER EAR) In the chamber of the Cochlea, the Scala Vestibuli, the sound is forced to take the "_________ ________ __________" membranous labyrinth.
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Long Way Around
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(INNER EAR) In order for the Scala Vestibuli to take a "shortcut" across the vestibular membrane, it must separate the scala vestibuli from the ____________ ________.
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Cochlear Duct
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(INNER EAR) When the Scala Vestibuli takes a "shortcut" it vibrates the __________, which in turn vibrates the tectorial membrane and hair cells projecting into it.
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Endolymph
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(INNER EAR) When the Scala Vestibuli takes a "shortcut" it vibrates the Endolympth, which in turn vibrates the __________ membrane and hair cells projecting into it.
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Tectorial
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(INNER EAR) When the Scala Vestibuli takes a "shortcut" it vibrates the Endolympth, which in turn vibrates the Tectorial Membrane and _____ ____ projecting into it.
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Hair Cells
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(INNER EAR) A chamber of the Cochlea that contains the organ of Corti, transduction occurs here.
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Cochlear Duct
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(INNER EAR) The Cochlear Duct is a chamber of cochlea that contains the _______ of ______, transduction occurs here.
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Organ of Corti
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(INNER EAR) The Cochlear Duct is a chamber of cochlea that contains the Organ of Corti, _________ occurs here.
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Transduction
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(INNER EAR) The chamber of Cochlea that is the lower chamber and contains perilymph. The vibration exits here.
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Scala Tympania
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(Inner Ear) The Scala Tympania is the _______ chamber and contains perilymph. The vibration exits here.
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Lower
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(Inner Ear) The Scala Tympania is the lower chamber and contains perilymph. The vibration _______ here.
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Exits
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(INNER EAR) Hair receptor cells are in _____ rows. ____ layers of hair in the outer row. __ layer of hair cells in the inner row.
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2
3 1 |
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Oval Window transfers vibration to the inner ear, specifically into the perilymph of the _________ _______.
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Scala Vestibule
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(INNER EAR) Perilymph is above and below the cochlear duct which contains the ______ of _______.
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Organ of Corti
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(INNER EAR) Endolymph fills the ________ of __________.
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Organ of Corti
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(INNER EAR)___________ fills the Organ of Corti.
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Endolymph
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(INNER EAR) Scala Vestibuli is more easily remembered by sound vibration _____ it from the vestibule.
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Entering
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(INNER EAR) Scala Vestibuli is more easily remembered by _______ _______ entering it from the vestibule
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Sound Vibration
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(INNER EAR) Scala Vestibuli is more easily remembered by sound vibration entering it from the __________.
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Vestibule
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(INNER EAR) ______ ________ is more easily remembered by sound vibration entering it from the vestibule.
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Scala Vestibule
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(INNER EAR) Scala Tympani is more easily remembered by sound ______ through the round window.
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Escaping
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(INNER EAR) Scala Tympani is more easily remembered by sound escaping through the _________ _________.
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Round Window
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(INNER EAR) Scala Tympani is more easily remembered by ________ escaping through the round window.
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Sound
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(INNER EAR) _________ _________ is more easily remembered by sound escaping through the round window.
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Scala Tympani
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(INNER EAR) Also known as the secondary tympanum/ear drum.
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Scala Tympani
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(INNER EAR) Hair cells have projecting from them ________ that extend into the endolymph moved by sound waves.
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Stereocilia
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(INNER EAR) Hair cells have projecting from them Stereocilia that extend into the _________ moved by sound waves.
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Endolymph
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(INNER EAR) Hair cells have projecting from them stereocilia that extend into the endolymph moved by _____ _____________.
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Sound Waves
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(INNER EAR) Different wavelengths of sound waves deflect hair cells at specifically different depths into the _______ and thereby register different pitches of sound.
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Cochlea
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(AUDITORY NERVE PATHWAYS) Stimulate auditory nerve fibers at their base in the organ of Corti.
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Hair Cells
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(AUDITORY NERVE PATHWAYS) Hair cells stimulate auditory nerve fibers at their base in the ______ of _______--.
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Organ of Corti
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(AUDITORY NERVE PATHWAYS) Hair cells stimulate ________ nerve fibers at their base in the Organ of Corti.
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Auditory
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(AUDITORY NERVE PATHWAYS) Mechanically open Na+ channels at their bases to depolarize the hair cells and depolarize .
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Stereocilia
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(AUDITORY NERVE PATHWAYS) Stereocilia mechanically opens ____ channels at their bases to depolarize the hair cells and depolarize.
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Na+
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(AUDITORY NERVE PATHWAYS) Stereocilia mechanically opens Na+ channels at their bases to ____________ the hair cells and depolarize.
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Depolarize
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(AUDITORY NERVE PATHWAYS) Stereocilia have their cell bodies in the ___________ _________ and are activated by vesicles from the hair cells, which starts the neurological pathway.
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Spiral Ganglion
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(AUDITORY NERVE PATHWAYS) Stereocilia have their cell bodies in the Spiral Ganglion and are activated by vesicles from the hair cells, which start the ________ ____________.
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Neurological Pathway
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(AUDITORY NERVE PATHWAYS) Stereocilia have their cell bodies in the Spiral Ganglion and are activated by vesicles from the _______ _______, which start the neurological pathway.
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Hair Cells
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(AUDITORY NERVE PATHWAYS) Processes from the spiral ganglion form the __________ _________, part of the Vestibulocochlear Nerve.
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Cochlear Nerve
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(AUDITORY NERVE PATHWAYS) Processes from the spiral ganglion form the cochlear nerve, part of the _______________ ________.
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Vestibulocochlear Nerve
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(AUDITORY NERVE PATHWAYS) Processes from the ________ __________ form the cochlear nerve, part of the vestibulocochlear nerve.
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Spiral Ganglion
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Static Equilibrium is what involves _______ _________ as opposed to movement of the head.
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Postural Equilibrium
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________ __________ is that which involves Postural Equilibrium as opposed to movement of the head.
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Static Equilibrium
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Static Equilibrium is that which involves Postural Equilibrium as oppsed to movement of the _______.
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Head
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(SENSE OF EQUILIBRIUM) Utricle & Saccule. Each has a _______ (spot) of hair cells.
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Macule
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(SENSE OF EQUILIBRIUM) Utricle hair cells project vertically and respond to motion along a ________ plane.
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Horizontal
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(SENSE OF EQUILIBRIUM) These hair cells project vertically and respond to motion along a horizontal plane.
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Utricle Hair Cells
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(SENSE OF EQUILIBRIUM)
Utricle hair cells project _________ and respond to motion along a _________ plane. |
Vertically => Horizonal
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(SENSE OF EQUILIBRIUM) Saccule hair cells project horizontally and respond to motion along a _______ plane.
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Vertical
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(SENSE OF EQUILIBRIUM)
Saccule hair cells project _________ and respond to motion along a _________ plane. |
Horizontally => Vertical
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(SENSE OF EQUILIBRIUM) These hair cells project horizontally and respond to motion along a vertical plane.
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Saccule Hair Cells
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(SENSE OF EQUILIBRIUM) A gelatonous membrane with otoliths (calcium carbonate crystals) embedded in the outer surface to provide more inertia to mobilize hair cell cilia.
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Otolithic Membrane
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(SENSE OF EQUILIBRIUM) The Otolithic Membrane is a gelatinous membrane with ________ (calcium carbonate crystals) embedded in the outer surface to provide more inertia to mobilize hair cell cilia.
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Otoliths
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(SENSE OF EQUILIBRIUM) The Otolithic Membrane is a ___________ membrane with Otoliths (calcium carbonate crystals) embedded in the outer surface to provide more inertia to mobilize hair cell cilia.
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Gelatinous
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(SENSE OF EQUILIBRIUM) The Otolithic Membrane is a gelatinous membrane with Otoliths (calcium carbonate crystals) embedded in the _______ _________ to provide more inertia to mobilze hair cell cilia.
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Outer Surface
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(SENSE OF EQUILIBRIUM) The Otolithic Membrane is a gelatinous membrane with Otoliths (Calcium Carbonate Crystals) embedded in the outer surface to provide more _____ to mobize hair cell cilia.
|
Inertia
|
|
|
|
(SENSE OF EQUILIBRIUM) The Otolithic Membrane is a gelatinous membrane with Otholiths (calcium carbonate crystals) embedded in the outer surface to provide more inertia to mobilize ______ ________ ________.
|
Hair Cell Cilia
|
|
|
|
(SENSE OF EQUILIBRIUM) Is that which involves movement of the head, as opposed to whole body.
|
Dynamic Equilibrium
|
|
|
|
(SENSE OF EQUILIBRIUM) Dynamic Equilibrium is that which involves movement of the _________, as opposed to whole body.
|
Head
|
|
|
|
(SENSE OF EQUILIBRIUM) Provide direction and space for endolymph movement.
|
Semicircular Canals
|
|
|
|
(SENSE OF EQUILIBRIUM) The Semicircular Canals provide direction and space for _____________ movement.
|
Endolymph
|
|
|
|
(SENSE OF EQUILIBRIUM) Contains cupula to deflect the embedded hair cell cilia.
--Movement of the head in any of of the three directions initiates deflection. |
Cristae Ampullaries
|
|
|
|
(SENSE OF EQUILIBRIUM) Cristae Ampullaries contain cupula to deflect the embedded hair cell _______.
|
Cilia
|
|
|
|
(SENSE OF EQUILIBRIUM) Cristae Ampullaries contain ________ to deflect embedded hair cell cilia.
|
Cupola
|
|
|
|
(SENSE OF EQUILIBRIUM) Cristae Ampullaries contain cupola to deflect ______ hair cell cilia.
|
Embedded
|
|
|
|
(SENSE OF EQUILIBRIUM) Cristae Ampullaries contain cupola to deflect embedded ______ _______ _______.
|
Hair Cell Cilia
|
|
|
|
(ACCESSORY VISUAL ORGANS) Eyelid, or _________ covers and protects the eye from mechanical damage and drying.
|
Palpebra
|
|
|
|
(ACCESSORY VISUAL ORGANS) Eyelid, or Palpebra covers and protects the eye from _________ damage & ___________.
|
Mechanical Damage & Drying
|
|
|
|
(ACCESSORY VISUAL ORGANS) The extrinsic skeletal muscles that raise the eyelid.
|
Levator Palpebrae Superioris
|
|
|
|
(ACCESSORY VISUAL ORGANS) The Levator Palpebrae Superioris is the extrinsic skeletal muscles that raise the ________.
|
Eyelid
|
|
|
|
(ACCESSORY VISUAL ORGANS) The eyelashes protect the eye from ________ ___________ & ________ __________.
|
Foriegn Matter & Anchor Mascara
|
|
|
|
(ACCESSORY VISUAL ORGANS) The tarsal glands (meibomian) _________ the eye.
|
Lubricate
|
|
|
|
(ACCESSORY VISUAL ORGANS) The _______ glands (meibomian) lubricate the eye.
|
Tarsal
|
|
|
|
(ACCESSORY VISUAL ORGANS) Located in the superior lateral aspect of the eye region.
|
Lacrimal Glands
|
|
|
|
(ACCESSORY VISUAL ORGANS) The Lacrimal Glands are located in the superior lateral aspect of the _______ region.
|
Eye
|
|
|
|
(ACCESSORY VISUAL ORGANS) Glands that secrete tears which moisten and lubricate the eye.
|
Lacrimal Glands
|
|
|
|
(ACCESSORY VISUAL ORGANS) Lacrimal Glands secrete _______ which ________ & _______ the eye.
|
Tears
Moisten & Lubricate |
|
|
|
(ACCESSORY VISUAL ORGANS) Tears also contain an enzyme, called ______ to break down bacteria.
|
Lysozyme
|
|
|
|
(ACCESSORY VISUAL ORGANS) Lysozyme is an enzyme in tears that helps break down _________.
|
Bacteria
|
|
|
|
(ACCESSORY VISUAL ORGANS) Tears drain out through the ____________ duct into the nasal cavity.
|
Nasolacrimal Duct
|
|
|
|
(ACCESSORY VISUAL ORGANS) Tears drain out through the Nasolacrimal Duct into the _________ cavity.
|
Nasal
|
|
|
|
(ACCESSORY VISUAL ORGANS) The vascular, sensitive membrane convering the surface of the eyeball.
|
Conjunctiva
|
|
|
|
(ACCESSORY VISUAL ORGANS) Conjunctiva is the vascular, ________ ________, covering the surface of the eyeball.
|
Sensitive Membrane
|
|
|
|
(ACCESSORY VISUAL ORGANS) If someone has a sight of conjunctivitis then they have ___________.
|
Pink Eye
|
|
|
|
(ACCESSORY VISUAL ORGANS) If someone has pink eye then they have a sight of ____________.
|
Conjunctivitis
|
|
|
|
(ACCESSORY VISUAL ORGANS) (EXTRINSIC EYE MUSCLES) Rotates the eyeball upward and medially.
|
Superior Rectus
|
|
|
|
(ACCESSORY VISUAL ORGANS) (EXTRINSIC EYE MUSCLES) Rotates the eyeball downward and medially.
|
Inferior Rectus
|
|
|
|
(ACCESSORY VISUAL ORGANS) (EXTRINSIC EYE MUSCLES) Rotates the eyeball medially.
|
Medial Rectus
|
|
|
|
(ACCESSORY VISUAL ORGANS) (EXTRINSIC EYE MUSCLES) Rotates the eyeball laterally.
|
Lateral Rectus
|
|
|
|
(ACCESSORY VISUAL ORGANS) (EXTRINSIC EYE MUSCLES) Rotates the eyeball, via the trochlear, downward and laterally.
|
Superior Oblique
|
|
|
|
(ACCESSORY VISUAL ORGANS) (EXTRINSIC EYE MUSCLES) Rotates the eyeball upward and laterally.
|
Inferior Oblique
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Three layers called ______ or coats.
|
Tunics
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Called the sclera, which includes a bulging, transparent portion called the cornea.
|
Outer Tunic
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Outer Tunic is called the _______, which includes a bulging transparent portion called the cornea.
|
Sclera
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Outer Tunic is called the Sclera, which includes a bulging transparent portion called the ________.
|
Cornea
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Mostly is opaque, tough, and fibrous.
|
Sclera/Outer Tunic
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Sclera is mostly opaque, ________ and fibrous.
|
Tough
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Sclera serves as a _________ part and an attachment point for the extrinsic eye muscles.
|
Structural
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The _________ serves as a structural part and an attachment point for the extrinsic eye muscles.
|
Sclera
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The anterior 1/6 of the sclera is bulging and transparent and transmits _________ to the inside.
|
Light
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Sclera is continuous with the CT portion of the _________ ___________.
|
Optic Nerve
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Part of Sclera which drains the aqueous humor from anterior chamber.
|
Scleral Venous Sinus
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Drains the aqueous humor from anterior chamber.
|
Scleral Venous Sinus
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Scleral Venous Sinus drains the ________ ______ from anterior chamber.
|
Aqueous Humor
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Scleral Venous Sinus may be functional in ______, excessive fluid pressure in anterior chamber.
|
Glaucoma
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Excessive fluid pressure in the anterior chamber.
|
Glaucoma
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Glaucoma is excessive fluid pressure in the __________ chamber.
|
Anterior
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Called the choroid coat and loosely adheres to the inside of the sclera.
|
Middle Tunic
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Middle Tunic, called the ________ _________, loosely adheres to the inside of the sclara.
|
Choroid Coat
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Middle Tunic, called the Choroid Coat, loosely adheres to the inside of the ________.
|
Sclara
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Contains a large amount of pigment to prevent random light reflections.
|
Choroid Coat
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Choroid Coat contains a large amount of _______ to prevent random light reflections.
|
Pigment
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Choroid Coat contains a large number of pigment to _________ random light reflections.
|
Prevent
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Choroid Coat contains a large number of pigment to prevent random _________ ____________.
|
Light Reflections
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Contains a large number of blood vessels.
|
Choroid Coat
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Choroid Coat contains a large number of ________ ___________.
|
Blood Vessels
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Includes the Ciliary Body.
|
Choroid Coat
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Choroid Coat includes the _________ body.
|
Ciliary
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Thickest part of the choroid coat.
|
Ciliary Body
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Contains and anchors the suspensory ligaments, ciliary process and ciliary muscles.
|
Ciliary Body
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Ciliary Body contains and anchors the suspensory ligaments, ________ ____________, and ciliary muscles.
|
Ciliary Processes
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Ciliary Body contains and anchors the suspensory ligaments, ciliary processes and __________ _________.
|
Ciliary Muscles
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Functions in altering the shape of the lens and produces aqueous humor.
|
Ciliary Body
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Ciliary Body functions in altering the shape of the _______ and produces aquedoes humor.
|
Lens
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Ciliary Body functions in altering the shape of the lens and produces _________ ___________.
|
Aqueous Humor
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE)
Lacks blood vessels. |
Lens
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Lens lacks _______ __________.
|
Blood Vessels
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Can change shape by action of suspensory ligaments called accomodation.
|
Lens
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Lens can change shape by action of ________ ________ called accomodation.
|
Suspensory Ligaments
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Lens can change shape by action of suspensory ligaments called ______________.
|
Accomodation
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Accommodation alters __________.
|
Focus
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) _______________ alters focus.
|
Accomodation
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Divides the anterior segment into the anterior and posterior chambers. (Aqeous Humor)
|
Iris
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Iris divides the __________ _________ into the anterior and posterior chambers. (Aqeous Humor)
|
Anterior Segment
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Iris divides the anterior segment into the _________ and __________ chambers. (Aqeuous Humor)
|
Anterior & Posterior
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Iris divides the anterior segment into anterior and posterior chambers. (__________ __________)
|
Aqeuous Humor
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE)
The Iris is composed mainly of ____ and smooth muscle fibers. |
CT
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Iris is composed mainly of CT and __________ _______ fibers.
|
Smooth Muscle
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Functions to control the amount of light entering the eye.
|
Iris
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Iris functions to control the amount of _______ entering the eye.
|
Light
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Iris functions to control the amount of light entering the _______.
|
Eye
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Provides an indicator of how the autonomic nervous system is functioning.
|
Iris
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) This stimulation contracts the circular fibers = > Small Pupils
|
Sympathetic Stimulation
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Sympathetic stimulation contracts the ________ fibers of the Iris => Small Pupils
|
Circular
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Sympathetic stimulation contracts the circular fibers of the Iris = > _______ _______.
|
Small Pupils
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Stimulation which contracts the radial fibers => Wide open pupils.
|
Parasympathetic Stimulation
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Parasympathetic Stimulation contracts the ________ fibers = > Wide open pupils
|
Radial
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Parasympathetic Stimulation contracts the radial fibers => _______ _______ ______.
|
Wide Open Pupils
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Not specifically a structure, but the opening in the center of the Iris.
|
Pupil
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Passageway for light into eyes.
|
Pupil
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Called the retina.
|
Inner Tunic
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Inner Tunic is called the ___________.
|
Retina
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Continuous with the optic nerve.
|
Inner Tunic/Retina
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Retina is continuous with the _______ ________.
|
Optic Nerve
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Made up of nervous tissue.
|
Retina
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Retina is made up of _________ tissue.
|
Nervous
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Contains visible blood vessels and is the only place where blood vessels are visible.
|
Retina
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Retina contains visible blood vessels and is the only place where blood vessels are _______.
|
Visible
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Made up of rods and cones, connecting neurons and a pigmented single layer of skin.
|
Retina
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Retina is made up of _____ and _____, connecting neurons and a pigmented single layer of skin.
|
Rods & Cones
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Retina is made up of rods and cones, connecting ________ and a pigmented single layer of skin.
|
Neurons
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Retina is made up of rods and cones, connecting neurons and a pigmented single layer of _____.
|
Skin
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) In the Retina (Inner Tunic) rods are sensitive only to ________ & _________ and require little light to funciton.
|
Black & White
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE)
In the Retina (Inner Tunic), Rods are sensitive only to black & white and require little _______ to function. |
Light
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE)
In the Retina (Inner Tunic), _____ are sensitive only to black & white and require little light to function. |
Rods
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Means "yellow spot" and has in its center the fovea centralis (central depression). --Contains more cones than rods.
|
Maculae Lutea
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE)
Maculae Lutea means "_________ _______" and has in its center the fovea centralis (central depression) -- Contains more cones than rods. |
Yellow Spot
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Maculae Lutea means "yellow spot" and has in its center the _________ __________ (central depression) -- Contains more cones than rods.
|
Fovea Centralis
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Maculae Lutea means "yellow spot" and has in its center the Fovea Centralis (__________ __________) -- Contains more cones than rods.
|
Central Depression
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Maculae Lutea means "yellow spot" and has in its center the Fovea Centralis (Central Depression) -- Contains more ________ than ______.
|
Cones than Rods
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Is made up entirely of cones and provides for acutely focused visioin.
|
Fovea Centralis
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Fovea Centralis is made up entirely of ______ and provides for acutely focused vision.
|
Cones
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE)
Fovea centralis is made up entirely of cones and provides for _________ _________ _______. |
Acutely Focused Vision
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Cones are activated by ________ _________ and are relatively insensitive to dim light.
|
Bright Light
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Cones are for day and _______ vision only.
|
Color
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Night vision is black and white due to the insensitivity of the __________.
|
Cones
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Night vision is black and white due to the __________ of the cones.
|
Insensitivity
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) ________ _______ is black and white due to the insensitivity of the cones.
|
Night Vision
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Fills the posterior cavity and is called the vitreous body.
|
Vitreous Humor
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Vitreus Humor fills the posterior cavity and is called the _______ ________.
|
Vitreous Body
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) Transparent & Jelly-like & Assists in holding the eye's components in place.
|
Vitreous Body
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Vitreous Body is transparent & _____-_____ & assists in holding the eye's components in place.
|
Jelly-Like
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Vitreous Body is __________ & Jelly-like and assists in holding the eye's components in place.
|
Transparent
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Vitreous Body is transparent & jelly like and assists in holding the eye's _________ in place.
|
Components
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The area of the retina where the optic nerve exits and blood vessels enter & exit.
|
Optic Disc
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Optic Disc is the area of the ________ where the optic nerve exits and blood vessels enter & exit.
|
Retina
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Optic Disc is the area of the retina where the _______ ____ exits and blood vessels enter & exit
|
Optic Nerve
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Optic Disc is the area of the retina where the optic nerve _____ and blood vessels enter & exit.
|
Exits
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Optic Disc is the area of the retina where the optic nerve exits and ______ ________ enter & exit.
|
Blood Vessels
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Optic Disc is the area of the retina where the optic nerve exits and blood vessels ________ & ___________.
|
Enter & Exit
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The Optic Disc is also known as the _______ _______.
|
Blind Spot
|
|
|
|
(STRUCTURE OF THE EYE) The blind spot is known as the ____________.
|
Optic Disc
|
|
|
|
The bending of light waves, which is necessary for light to be focused.
|
Refraction
|
|
|
|
Refraction is the bending of _______ waves, which is necessary for light to be focused.
|
Light
|
|
|
|
Refraction is the bending of light waves, which is necessary for light to be _________.
|
Focused
|
|
|
|
(REFRACTION) Also known as short-sightedness, when light waves come together anterior to the retina.
|
Myopia
|
|
|
|
(REFRACTION) Myopia, also known as _________ ________, is when light waves come together anterior to the retina.
|
Short-Sightedness
|
|
|
|
(REFRACTION) Myopia, also known as short-sightedness, is when ______ ________ come together anterior to the retina.
|
Light waves
|
|
|
|
(REFRACTION) Myopia, also known as short-sightedness, is when light waves come together ________ to the retina.
|
Anterior
|
|
|
|
(REFRACTION) Myopia, also known as short-sightedness, is when light waves come together anterior to the _________.
|
Retina
|
|
|
|
(REFRACTION) In Myopia the eyeball may be too long or lens/cornea may be shaped too ________.
|
Round
|
|
|
|
(REFRACTION) In Myopia (short-sightedness), the eyeball may be too _____ or the lens/cornea may be shaped too round.
|
Long
|
|
|
|
(REFRACTION) In Myopia (short-sightedness), The ______ may be too long or _____/_____ may be shaped too round.
|
Eyeball
Lens/Cornea |
|
|
|
(REFRACTION) Myopia may be corrected by the use of a _________ _____.
|
Concave Lens
|
|
|
|
(REFRACTION) Also known as far-sightedness, is when light waves come together posterior to the retina.
|
Hyperopia
|
|
|
|
(REFRACTION) Hyperopia, also known as ______-___________, is when light waves come together posterior to the retina.
|
Far-Sightedness
|
|
|
|
(REFRACTION) Hyperopia, also known as far-sightedness, is when llight waves come together ________ to the retina.
|
Posterior
|
|
|
|
(REFRACTION) In Hyperopia the eyeball may be too _____, or lens/cornea shape too ______.
|
Short, Flat
|
|
|
|
(REFRACTION) In Hyperopia the _______ may be too short or _______/______ may be shaped too glat.
|
Eyeball
Lens/Cornea |
|
|
|
(REFRACTION) Hyperopia may be corrected by a ________ _______.
|
Convex lens
|
|
|
|
(REFRACTION) "Old age" When the lens becomes too stiff and no longer accommodates.
|
Presbyopia
|
|
|
|
(REFRACTION) Presbyopia, "_______ _____" is when the lens becomes too stiff and no longer accommodates.
|
Old Age
|
|
|
|
(REFRACTION) Presbyopia, "Old Age" is when the lens becomes too ____ and no longer accomodates.
|
Stiff
|
|
|
|
Respond to certain wavelengths of light by changing their chemical structure.
|
Visual Pigments
|
|
|
|
Visual Pigments respond to certain waveslengths of light by changing their _______ structure.
|
Chemical
|
|
|
|
Visual Pigments break down to opsin & retinol (synthesized from vitamin A) -- These are ____________.
|
Colorless
|
|
|
|
(VISUAL PIGMENTS) Also called "visual purple" is found in the rods and is purple in color.
|
Rhodospin
|
|
|
|
(VISUAL PIGMENTS) Rhodospin is also called "_______ ______" and is found in the rods and is purple in color.
|
Visual Purple
|
|
|
|
(VISUAL PIGMENTS) Rhodospin is also called "visual purple" and is found in the ____ and purple in color.
|
Rods
|
|
|
|
(VISUAL PIGMENTS) Rhodospin is also called "visual purple" and is found in the rods and _______ in color.
|
Purple
|
|
|
|
(VISUAL PIGMENTS) The three primary colors each have their similar, individual pigments for color vision in the _________.
|
Cones
|
|
|
|
(VISUAL PIGMENTS) Each ______ color responds to a different wavelength of light.
|
Primary
|
|
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(VISUAL PIGMENTS) Each primary color responds to a different wavelength of light. This is genetically determined on the ___ ___________. This is involved in color blindness.
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X Chromosome
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(VISUAL PIGMENTS) Each primary color responds to a different wavelength of light. This is genetically determined on the X Chromosome. The is involved in __________ _________.
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Color Blindess
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Necessary for the perception of distance, depth, height and width of objects, especially distance.
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Stereoscopic Vision
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Stereoscopic Vision is necessary for the perception of __________, depth, height and width of objects, especially __________.
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Distance
Distance |
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(STEREOSCOPIC VISION) Objects that are within about 20 feet produce ________ visual retinal images.
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Different
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(STEREOSCOPIC VISION) Objects that are within about 20 feet produce different _______ retinal images.
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Visual
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(STEREOSCOPIC VISION) Objects that are within about 20 feet produce different visual ________ images.
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Retinal
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(STEREOSCOPIC VISION) Objects that are within about 20 feet produce different visual retinal ________.
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Images
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(STEREOSCOPIC VISION) Objects that are within about ___ feet produce different visual retinal images.
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20
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(STEREOSCOPIC VISION) Brain combines the images to produce ________ _________.
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Depth Percetion
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(VISUAL NERVE PATHWAYS) The _______ ______ of the retina is phsyiologically "righted" by the nervous system.
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Inverted Image
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(VISUAL NERVE PATHWAYS) The Inverted Image of the retina is physiologically "______" by the nervous system.
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"Righted"
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(VISUAL NERVE PATHWAYS) The Inverted Image of the retina is physiologically "righted" by the _________ ________.
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Nervous System
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(VISUAL NERVE PATHWAYS) Different parts of the retina are served by different pathways and parts of the _______.
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Brain
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(VISUAL NERVE PATHWAYS) Medial portions of optic nerves cross over (change sides) at the _______ ________ and go to the opposite side of the brain to the visual cortex within the longitudal fissure.
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Optic Chiasma
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(VISUAL NERVE PATHWAYS) Medial portions of optic nerves ______ ____ (change sides) at the Optic Chiasma and go to the opposite side of the brain to the visual cortex within the longitudal fissure.
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Cross Over
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(VISUAL NERVE PATHWAYS) Medial portions of optic nerves cross over (change sides) at the optic chiasma and go to the opposite side of the brain to the ________ ______ within the longitudal fissure.
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Visual Cortex
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(VISUAL NERVE PATHWAYS) Medial portions of optic nerves cross over (change sides) at the optic chiasma and go to the opposite side of the brain to the visual cortex within the ___________ __________.
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Longitudal Fissure
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(VISUAL NERVE PATHWAYS) Medial portions of ________ _______ cross over (change sides) at the optic chiasma and go to the opposite side of the brain to the visual cortex within the longitudal fissure.
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Optic Nerves
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(VISUAL NERVE PATHWAYS) _______ portion of optic nerves cross over (change sides) at the optic chiasma and go to the opposite side of the brain to the visual cortex within the longitudal fissure.
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Medial Portion
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(VISUAL NERVE PATHWAYS) Lateral portion of the optic nerves does not cross over, bypasses the optic chiasma and goes to the same side of the visual cortex at the posterior aspect of the __________ _________.
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Occipital Lobes
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(VISUAL NERVE PATHWAYS) Portion of the optic nerves that does not cross over, bypasses the optic chiasma and goes to the same side of the visual cortex at the posterior aspect of the occipital lobes.
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Lateral Portion
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(VISUAL NERVE PATHWAYS) Lateral portion of the ________ ______ that does not cross over, bypasses the optic chiasma and goes to the same side of the visual cortex at the posterior aspect of the occipital lobes.
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Optic nerves
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(VISUAL NERVE PATHWAYS) Lateral portion of optic nerves does not _______ _________, but bypasses the optic chiasma and goes to the same side of the visual cortex at the posterior aspect of the occipital lobes.
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CROSS OVER
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(VISUAL NERVE PATHWAYS) Lateral portion of optic nerves that DOES NOT cross over, but bypasses the ______ ________ and goes to the same side of the visual cortex at the occipital lobes.
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Optic Chiasma
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(VISUAL NERVE PATHWAYS) The arrangement between medial & lateral portions provides for overlapping _____ fields.
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Visual
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(VISUAL NERVE PATHWAYS) The arrangement between medial & lateral portions provides for _________ visual fields.
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Overlapping
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(VISUAL NERVE PATHWAYS) The arrangement between medial & lateral portions provides for overlapping visual ________.
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Fields
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(VISUAL NERVE PATHWAYS) Understanding the arrangement between Medial & Lateral portions will help in understanding head injuries that result in _________ problems. (Brain Trauma, Cancer/Tumors, Diseases of the brain)
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Visual
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(VISUAL NERVE PATHWAYS) Impulses go from the retina => optic nerve => optic chiasma => optic tract => thalamus => optic radiations => _______ _______
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Visual Cortex
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(VISUAL NERVE PATHWAYS) Impulses go from the retina => optic nerve => optic chiasma => optic tract => thalamus => ________ ______ => visual cortex
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Optic Radiations
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ROOOTOV
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(VISUAL NERVE PATHWAYS) Impulses go from the retina => optic nerve => optic chiasma => optic tract => ____________ => optic radiations => visual cortex
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Thalamus
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ROOOTOV
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(VISUAL NERVE PATHWAYS) Impulses go from the retina => optic nerve => optic chiasma => ________ _________ => thalamus => optic radiation => visual cortex
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Optic Tract
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ROOOTOV
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(VISUAL NERVE PATHWAYS) Impulses go from the retina => optic nerve => _________ ________ => optic tract => thalamus => optic radiations => visual cortex
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Optic Chiasma
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ROOOTOV
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(VISUAL NERVE PATHWAYS) Impulses go from the retina => _______ ______ => optic chiasma => optic tract => thalamus => optic radiations => visual cortex
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Optic Nerve
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ROOOTOV
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(VISUAL NERVE PATHWAYS) Impulses go from the ___________ => optic nerve => optic chiama => optic tract => thalamus => optic radiations => visual cortex
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Retina
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ROOOTOV
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(VISUAL NERVE PATHWAYS) Instead of ending at the visual cortex, some fibers go to the ___________ for coordinating ete movements and balance (the visual righting reflex) and for controlling eye reflexes (papillary reflexes)
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Brainstem
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