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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Industrial Revolution
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a period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production that began in the mid-1700s.
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textiles
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cloth
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Richard Arkwright (1732-1792)
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English inventor, he patented the water-powered spinning frame, improving the production of cotton thread.
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Samuel Slater (1768-1835)
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English industrialist who bought a design for a textile mill to America, he is considered the founder of the American cotton industry.
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technology
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the tools used to produce goods or to do work.
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Eli Whitney (1765-1825)
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American inventor whose cotton gin changed cotton harvesting procedures and enabled large increases in cotton production, he introduced the technology of mass production through the development of interchangeable parts in gun-making.
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interchangeable parts
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a process developed by Eli Whitney in the 1790s that called for making each part of a machine exactly the same.
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mass production
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the efficient production of large numbers of identical goods.
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Rhode Island system
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a system developed by Samuel Slater in the mid-1800s in which whole families were hired as textile workers and factory work was divided into simple tests.
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Francis Cabot Lowell (1775-1817)
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American industrialist who developed the Lowell system, a mill system that included looms that could both weave thread and spin cloth. He hired young women to live and work in his mill.
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Lowell system
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the use of water powered textile mills that employed young, unmarried women in the 1800s.
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trade unions
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workers' organization that try to improve working conditions.
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strikes
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the refusal of workers to perform their jobs until employers meet their demands
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Sarah G. Bagley (d. 1847?)
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American mill worker and union activist, she advocated the 10-hour workday for private industry. She was elected vice president of the New England Working Men's Association, becoming the first women to hold such high rank in the American labor movement.
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Transportation Revolution
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the rapid growth in the speed and convenience of transportation.
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Robert Fulton (1765-1815)
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American engineer and inventor, he built the first commercially successful full-sized steamboat, the Clermont, which led to the development of commercial steamboat ferry services for goods and people.
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Clermont
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the first full-sized U.S. commercial steamboat; developed by Robert Fulton and tested in 1807.
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Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
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a Supreme Court ruling that reinforced the federal government's aurthority over the states.
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Peter Cooper (1791-1883)
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American ironworks manufacturer who designed and built Tom Thumb, the first American locomotive.
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Samuel F.B. Morse (1791-1872)
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American artist and inventor, he applied scientists' discoveries of electricity and magnetism to develop the telegraph, which soon sent messages all across the country.
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telegraph
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a machine perfected by Samuel F.B. Morse in 1832 that uses pulses of electric current to send messages across long distances through wires.
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Morse code
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a system developed by Alfred Lewis Vail for the telegraph that used a certain combination fo dots and dashes to represent each letter of the alphabet.
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John Deere (1804-1886)
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American industrialist; he developed a steele plow to ease difficulty of turning thick soil on the Great Plains.
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Cyrus McCormick (1809-1884)
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American inventor and industrialist, he invented the mechanical reaper and harvesting machine that quickly cut down wheat.
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Isaac Singer (1811-1875)
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American inventor; he patented an improved sewing machine and by 1860 was the largest manufacturer of sewing machines in the country.
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