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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a strict code of chivalry used by Japanese samurai warriors
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Bushido
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after the Han dynasty collapsed the Huns and other nomadic invaders from Tibet and Mongolia settled down and established
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1)kingdoms
2)adopted Chinese customs |
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What dynasty succeeded in reuniting China after the Han dynasty collapsed ?
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Sui dynasty
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Sui dynasty was different than the Hun dynasty because it was
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1)stronger
2)wealthier 3)grander |
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How long did the Sui dynasty last?
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short time
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What engineering marval of the ancient world did the Sui rulers begin working on?
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The Grand Canal
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By skillfully using existing waterways in east-central china and also by digging new ones, the builders of the Grand Canal linked together what 2 regions ?
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northern and southern China for the 1st time in history
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Problem of the Sui dynasty
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overambitious in administration
defeated by invading Turks |
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What ended the Sui dynasty and ushered in a new dynasty-the Tang
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an uprising
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2 things the early Tang rulers did
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1)defeated the Turks to the north and west
2)extended China's frontiers farther west than ever before |
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What countries did China ideas greatly influence?
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1)Korea
2)Japan |
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China was influenced and enhanced by
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contact with other peoples
(like muslim and India ) |
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The largest city during 700's and 800's and the capital of the Tang dynasty was
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Chang-an
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Population of Chang-an
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2 million
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Chang-an served as the centers of
__________and _________. |
1)government
2)culture |
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Tang dynasty gave China a golden age with a much longer period during which China became the most _____, ____, and _____ country in the world.
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1)powerful
2)sophisticated 3)wealthiest |
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Who was Li-Bo (Li-Po)?
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1)Daoist-seek pleasure
2)wrote happy,light,elegant and described delights of life 3)died while tipsy on a boat reaching for the moon's reflection in the water(legend) |
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Who was Du Fu?
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1)serious, devout follower of Confucius
2)his writing showed concern for the suffering and tragedy of life. |
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What religion reached its peak during the Tang dynasty?
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Buddhism
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The only woman to hold the Chinese throne and was a zealous supporter of Buddhism was
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Emperor Wu
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What else strengthened the Buddhist religion?
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wealthy Buddhist believers who donated land for monasteries
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Most famous Buddhist sect known later by its Japanese name was
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Zen
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Zen Buddhist stressed meditation as a means to enlightenment and had a similarity to what other religion ?
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Daoism
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In later centuries the religion of the common people in China contained a blend of what 2 teachings?
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Buddhism and Daoism
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What happened to Buddhism that it never again was an important a force in Chinese life?
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the wealth of the monasteries alarmed the government officials-they taxed the monasteries' land and seized their art for the emperor's treasury-officials persecuted them-monks and nuns returned to ordinary life because the monasteries were destroyed along with some shrines.
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What contributed to the revival of Confucianism during the Tang dynasty?
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1)govt. revised civil service exam
2)constructed temples for worshiping |
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What was the main religion of China's governing classes until the early 1900's?
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Neo-Confucianism(new)
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What contributed to the decline of the Tang dynasty?
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1)weak emperors
2)nomadic people invaded 3)tax revenues diminished 4)governors challanged emperors powers |
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How did the Tang dynasty end?
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a warlord(who murdered the emperor several years earlier) seized the throne
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Zhao Kuangyin established what dynasty?
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Song dynasty
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The principal foreign pressure come from the north from the Mongols called the
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Qidan(Chin-Dahn)
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How did Song emperors keep the peace when the Qiden evaders threatened the capital at Kaifeng?
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paid a huge tribute-more than 200,000 ounces of silver annually- this was a huge economic burden
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How was the Jin dynasty established?
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when the Ruzhen of central Asia moved into Manchuria and took over northern China
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What became the capital of the Song dynasty in the south?
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Hangzhou
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The Ruzhen established the Jin dynasty's capital at what is now
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Beijing
(Zhongdu) |
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Foreign trade expaned under the Song emperors by what 2 bases for overseas commerce?
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1)Hangzhou
2)Guangzhou |
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How were goods from central Asia and India brought to China?
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trading caravans
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Exports of China were
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1)gold
2)silver 3)copper 4)"cash"(strings of copper coins) |
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One of China's most valuable exports were
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porcelain- a fine translucent pottery
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Song artisans perfected the art of porcelain by creating delicate vases with sides as thin as
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eggshells
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Song artist were inspired by the Daoist love of nature and painted scenes of nature on
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silk
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How did the Chinese improved the civil service system during the Song dynasty?
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1)exams every 3 years
2)1st people had to pass exam at local level to reach the exam at the next level 3)eliminated the need for sponsorship |
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How did Chinese prevent cheating on these exams for employment?
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1)identified by number
2)guards watched the people take the exam 3)clerks copied the exams so no one could recognize the handwriting 4)3 judges to read exam |
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What great inventions did Chinese make?
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1)gunpowder
2)printing (ink and paper) 3)books 4)movable type |
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The worlds 1st printed book was
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Diamond Sutra
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The Diamond Sutra was
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a Buddhist religious text printed in China during the Tang dynasty.
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2 important changes took place in peasant life during the Tang and Song dynasties
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1)technological improvements in agriculture
2)an alteration in the tax system-two-tax system |
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Technological improvements in agriculture
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1)water control projects increased numbers of irrigated fields where rice grew
2)quick ripening rice-grows 2 crops of rice instead of one 3)tea from southwest Asia |
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Peasants could sell their surplus in the many small
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market towns
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Two-tax system
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1)one tax paid in money was levied on households
2)one was paid in grain was levied on land |
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The two-tax system effect on the peasants was
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1)a burden
2)they were forced to sell their land and become tenant farmers 3)worked all day to keep up with higher rents |
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Chinese tenant farmers would pay the landlords high
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rents(half the crops they raised)
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How did peasants earn extra money?
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1)raising silkworms
2)gathering herbs 3)women made straw and cloth shoes and helped in the fields |
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What did the markets provide for the peasant?
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relief of daily routine 1)entertainment-storytellers,musicians,fortune-tellers
2)meeting with trade and craft workers from other parts of the empire |
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What was the population of the capital Hangzhou of the Song dynasty?
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2 million with another 2 million living near the city
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Who was the merchant and explorer from Venice who visited the city of Hangzhou and recorded his amazement at its size and beauty
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Marco Polo
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Although outnumbered by rural peasants the city dweller dominated chinese _____and ____.
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society and culture
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Cities bustled with what king of activities?
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1)shipments to marketplaces
2)shops specializing in luxury goods 3)shops selling everyday uses 4)amusements/performances |
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How did wealthy merchant and officials live in cities?
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fine homes surrounded by gardens and artificial lakes
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Ordinary people lived in
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crowded apartments some had no homes and begged for food and shelter
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What was a serious problem for Chinese cities?
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poverty
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What is the custom of the upper class where a girl's feet were bound tightly with strips of linen and tucked underneath to prevent growth
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foot binding
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How was the crippling effect of the foot binding custom a status symbol?
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it showed a man was successful enough to support a woman who could not work
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Basic food of Chinese diet
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rice
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Chinese diet
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rice 3 times a day
small portions of dried fish or pork on the side wealthy could afford fresh fruit and vegetables and larger portions of fish and meat |
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How was meat prepared?
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Cut into bite size pieces and stir fried only a few minutes
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Why did Chinese use Chopsticks?
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because the food was already cut into bite size pieces
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Seasoning and spices used in Chinese cooking were
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cinnamon
garlic ginger salt sugar honey soy sauce |
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What mixture of flavor did Chinese
want to achieve in the meals they cooked? |
believed in contrasting flavors
bitter,salty,sour, hot, sweet |
