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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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heridity |
the passing of traits from one parent to offspring |
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trait |
a specific characteristic that an organism ca pass to its offspring through its genes |
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genetics |
the scienctific study of heredity |
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fertilization |
the process in sexual reproduction in which an egg cell and a sperm cell join to form a new cell |
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purbred |
an offspring of many generations that has the same form of a trait |
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gene |
a sequence of DNA that determines a trait and is passed from parent to offspring |
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allel |
the different forms of a gene |
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dominant allel |
an allel whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allel is present |
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recessive allele |
an allele that is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present |
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hybrid |
an offspring of crooses that has two different alleles for a trait |
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probability |
a number that describes how likely it is that a particular event will occur |
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Punnett Square |
a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from genetic cross |
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phenotype |
an organisms physical appearance or visible trait |
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genotype |
an organisms genetic makeup or allele combination |
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homozygous |
having two identical alleles for a particular gene |
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heterozygous |
having two differet alleles for a particular gene |
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incompletedominance |
a situation in which one allele is not completly dominant over other alleles |
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codominance |
a situation in which both alleles for a gene are exposed equally |
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multiple alleles |
three or more possible alleles of a gene that determines a trait |
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polygenicinheritance |
the inheritance of traits that are controlled by tow or more genes, such as height in humans |
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meiosis |
the process that occurs in the formation of sex cells by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half |
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selective breeding |
method of breeding that allows only those organisms with desired traits to produce the next generation |
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inbreeding |
a selective breeding method in which two individuals with similar sets of alleles are crossed |
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hybridization |
a selective breeding method that involes crossing different individuals to bring together the best traits from both parents |
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clone |
an organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced |
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genetic engineering |
the transfer of a gene from the DNA of one organism into another arganism, in orger to prduce an organism with desired traits |
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gene therapy |
the process of changing a gene to treat a medical disease or disorder |
