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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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refraction
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occurs when a change in speed causes a wave to change direction or bend
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Pangaea
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all the continents were combined into one large super-continent
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lithosphere
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Earth's crust and upper mantel
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S-Waves
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perpendicular; slower than P-Waves; moves through solids only
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P-Waves
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coiled spring; move in back/forth directions; moves through solids/liquids; fast moving
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viscosity
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measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow
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faults
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a crack in Earth's crust along which rocks have moved
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transform
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the horizontal motion of two plates sliding past each other
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convergent
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form when plates come together and collide
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plates
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Earth's surface is made up separate slabs that move slowly over Earth's upper layers
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divergent
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the boundary between two plates that are moving apart
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seismic waves
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as they travel through different materials of the earth they will change their intensity and direction
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continental drift
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continents drifted apart
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rift valley
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in between two mountain ranges; caused by divergent plates
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discontinuity
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the boundary between two layers of material that have different densities
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mid-ocean ridge
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MOR; was part of all Earth's ocean basins
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shadow zone
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there are no seismic waves from an earthquake in this area
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density
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the greater the density difference the greater the refraction; the ratio between the object and water
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sonar
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used to find how deep the ocean is
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formula for sonar
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(1500 times time) divided by 2
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henry hess
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created sonar in 1960
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subduction zone
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when a plate is forced downward by another plate
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