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38 Cards in this Set
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"social republican" who urged the provisional government to push through a bold economic and social program without delay. He wanted a ministry of progress to organize a network of social workshops.
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Louis Blanc
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Power was given to him from the government when the civilian executive board resigned. He was the leader of the regular army during the June Days.
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General Cavaignac
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He was also the nephew of Napoleon I. Made President by popular vote in 1848, he undertook a coup in 1851, becoming dictator before ascending to the throne as Napoleon III on 2 December 1851, the forty-eighth anniversary of Napoleon I's coronation. He ruled as Emperor of the French until September 1870, when he was captured in the Franco-Prussian War. He holds the unusual distinction of being both the first titular president and the last monarch of France.
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Louis Napoleon Bonaparte
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were called this in england, and were established as a political concession to the social republicans, but no significant work was ever assigned them for fear of competition with private enterprise.Helped in unemployment relief.
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national workshops
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The class war raged in Paris. The men from the workshops took arms and Paris became barricaded defended by men and women. Militant workers were confirmed in a hatred of the bourgeois class.
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June Days
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replace the revolutionary and imperial system, which had placed the whole of the education system under the supervision of the University and of state-formed teachers, accused of spreading Republicans and anti-clerical ideas, by a system giving back to the clergy the responsibility of education. This aim was largely achieved, the Falloux Law creating a mixed system, public (and mostly secular) on one hand, and private and Catholic on the other hand.
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Falloux Law
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collection of laws legislated by Lajos Kossuth with the aim of modernizing Kingdom of Hungary into a nation state. The imperative program included Hungarian control of its popular national guard, national budget and Hungarian foreign policy, as well as the removal of serfdom. They were passed by the Hungarian Diet in March 1848 in Poszony.
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March Laws
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leader of the radical party in Hungary. He gave a speech on the virtues of liberty. His national party rose in insurrection and invaded the imperial palace.
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Kossuth
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The revolutionaries saw that his army, if successful, would soon be turned against them. They therefore rose in a second mass insurrection.
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Jellachich
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Hastened from England to take part in the republican unheaval. The French army drove him from Rome, thereby restoring the Pope to his powers. His Roman Republic showed much revolutionary violence.
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Mazzini
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The first victory was at prague. An insurrection broke out and the slav congress dispersed. The next victory came in north italy when parts of the empire declared independence. The third victory was then the hungarian radical party was liberal and the March days completely shook off the German connection. The leaders were large estate holders.
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counter-revolution
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warned all Catholics, on the authority of the Vatican, against everything that went under the names of liberalism, progress, and modern civilization. This was done by Pope Pius IX.
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the Syllabus of Errors
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The regime named after alexander bach, which said that the main policy was to oppose all forms of popular self expression with a more candid reliance on military force.
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the Bach system
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any political or social movement or ideology that seeks a return to a previous state (the status quo ante). The term originated in the French Revolution, to denote the counter-revolutionaries who wanted to restore the real or imagined conditions of the monarchical Ancien Régime. In the nineteenth century, the term reactionism denoted those who wished to preserve feudalism and aristocratic privilege against industrialism, republicanism, liberalism, and socialism.
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reactionaries
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Successor of Frederick William III, did not want to share authority with his subjects. When faced with fighting, he called off the army and allowed his subjects to elect the first all-Prussian legislative assembly. The headship of Germany was offered to him.
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Frederick William IV
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It attempted to bring a unified German state into being, one which should also be liberal and constitutional, assuring civil rights to its citizens and possessing a government responsive to popular will as manifested in free elections and open parliamentary debate. It represented the German people as a whole and stood for an idea. But politically it represented nothing.
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Frankfurt Assembly
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Tariff union, which was initiated by the government and extended in the following decades to include almost all Germany.
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Zollverein
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Those who thought that the Germany for which they were writing a constitution should include Austrian lands, except Hungary. This would mean that the federal crown must be offered to the Habsburgs.
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Great Germans
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Minority at first, who thought that Austria should be excluded and that the new Germany should comprise the smaller states and the entire kingdom of Prussia. In that case the king of Prussia would become the federal emperor.
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Little Germans
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A document announcing numerous individual rights, civil liberties, and constitutional guarantees, much along the line of the French and American declaration. The Germans however spoke of the rights of the Germans. It was clear that Austria must be excluded, so the Little Germans had their way.
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Declaration of the Rights of the German People
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Influential French writer who helped extremely with the naturalist movement and the literary school of naturalism.
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Zola
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French philosopher who wrote many volumes on Positive Philosophy. He saw human history as a series of 3 stages, theological, metaphysical, and scientific. He produced an elaborate classification of the sciences, and the science of society would be the highest.
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Auguste Comte
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German philosopher, political economist, historian, political theorist, sociologist, communist, and revolutionary, whose ideas are credited as the foundation of modern communism. Marx summarized his approach in the first line of chapter one of The Communist Manifesto, published in 1848.
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Marx
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Joined Communist League with Marx, in which they tried to voice their radical ideas but were crushed by the counterrevolution. He went back to his factory at Manchester.
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Engels
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This movement attempted to describe life as they found it, without intimation of a better or nobler world. This was the opposite of the earlier romanticism movement.
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realism
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Holding that everything mental, spiritual, or ideal was an outgrowth of physical or physiological forces.
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materialism
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An insistence on verifiable facts, an avoidance of wishful thinking, a questioning of all assumptions, and a dislike of unprovable generalizations. It contributed to the growth of the social sciences as a branch of learning.
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positivism
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The science of society, which was built on the observation of "positive" facts to develop broad scientific laws of social progress. This was developed by Comte, who looked for the improvement of society.
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sociology
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"Politics of reality" meaning people should give up utopian dreams, and content themselves with the blessings of an honest government. Radicals meant that people should stop imagining that the new society would result from goodness.
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Realpolitik
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Introduced by Marx and Engels. Holds ideals such as how history is fundamentally of the struggle between social classes. Also in society the economic minority dominate the majority of the work force. Third that the working class should seize political power through social revolution.
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Marxism
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Meant originally a way of arriving at a higher conclusion through a series of propositions, as in a logical argument. All history is a process of development through time, a single and meaningful unfolding of events in a clear historical direction.
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dialectical materialism
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There was an issue that the working class was being set off, and no one really care anout their rights. Marx made it clear that it was not alright for people to live at that standard of living. The goal was to get everyone to be as equal as possible.
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alienation of workers
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Another class called into being by the bourgeois class. They are the wage workers who possess nothing but his or her own hands.
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proletarian
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One of the most creative city planners, who gave Paris much of the appearance that is has today. He built roomy railway stations with broad approaches, and constructed a system of boulevards and public squares offering long vistas ending in fine buildings or monuments. He modernized the sewers and the water supply.
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Baron Haussmann
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favoring complete obedience or subjection to authority as opposed to individual freedom
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authoritarianism
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financial institution that assists corporations and governments in raising capital by underwriting and acting as the agent in the issuance of securities. An investment bank also assists companies involved in mergers and acquisitions, divestitures, etc. Further to provide ancillary services such as market making and the trading of derivatives, fixed income instruments, foreign exchange, commodity, and equity securities.
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investment banking
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Raised funds by selling its shares to the public, and with the funds thus obtained bought stock in such new industrial enterprises as it wished to develop.
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Credit Mobilier
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A stockholder could not lose more than the par value of the stock, however insolvent or debt burdened the corporation might become,
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"limited liability"
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