Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
About how many times does a heart pump in one human lifetime?
|
~2.5 billion pumps
|
|
|
The normal adult heart pumps how many liters of blood per minute?
|
5 L per minute
|
|
|
The normal adult heart pumps how many liters of blood per day?
|
7000 L per day
|
|
|
What are the two divisions of blood vessels in the body?
|
The pulmonary and systemic circuits.
|
|
|
What is the pulmonary circuit?
|
Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, then oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
|
|
|
What is the systemic circuit?
|
The blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the entire body, then deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart.
|
|
|
What does efferent mean?
|
To take or go away from.
|
|
|
What does afferent mean?
|
To bring back or come towards.
|
|
|
Are arteries afferent or efferent?
|
Efferent - they carry blood away from the heart.
|
|
|
Are veins afferent or efferent?
|
Afferent - they carry blood back to the heart.
|
|
|
True or False:
The SVC is also known as the Anterior Vena Cava. |
True.
|
|
|
True or False:
The aortic semilunar valve is found in the opening where the ascending aorta leaves the left ventricle. |
True.
|
|
|
What are the two major properties of arteries?
|
Elasticity & contractility.
|
|
|
True or False:
Arteries are thicker and stronger than veins. |
True.
|
|
|
The valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle consists of three flaps or cusps. What is this valve called?
|
Tricuspid Valve.
|
|
|
What is another name for the tricuspid valve?
|
Right atrioventricular valve.
|
|
|
What is the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle, consisting of two flaps or cusps?
|
Bicuspid valve.
|
|
|
What are the other names for the bicuspid valve?
|
Mitral valve; Left atrioventricular valve.
|
|
|
What is an atrioventricular valve?
|
A valve that separates atria from ventricles.
|
|
|
What is a myocardial infarction?
|
A heart attack.
|
|
|
What is another name for a heart attack?
|
A myocardial infarction.
|
|
|
What is atherosclerosis?
|
A disease of the arteries in which cholesterol-containing masses called plaque accumulate on the inside of the arterial walls.
|
|
|
A disease of the arteries in which cholesterol-containing masses called plaque accumulate on the inside of the arterial walls is known as:
|
Atherosclerosis.
|
|
|
What is the approximate size of a heart?
|
Generally the size of a closed fist.
|
|
|
Where is the majority of the heart's mass?
|
2/3 of the heart's mass is to the left of the midline.
|
|
|
Why is 2/3 of the heart's mass to the left of the midline?
|
Mainly because the left ventricle is responsible for pumping blood to the entire body and is therefore the strongest and contains the most mass.
|
|
|
How much of the heart's mass is located to the right of the midline?
|
Approximately 1/3.
|
|
|
In what region of the thoracic cavity is the heart located?
|
Mediastinal region.
|
|
|
The heart is at the level of which rib?
|
Approx. the 2nd rib.
|
|
|
Is the heart anterior or posterior to the sternum?
|
Posterior.
|
|
|
Is the heart anterior or posterior to the vertebral column?
|
Anterior.
|
|
|
What is the bottom angle of the heart called?
|
Apex.
|
|
|
Is the apex of the heart the inferior or superior aspect, and does is project posteriorly or anteriorly?
|
Inferior aspect; projects anteriorly.
|
|
|
Is the base of the heart the inferior or superior aspect, and does it project posteriorly or anteriorly?
|
Superior aspect; projects posteriorly.
|
|
|
At what approximate vertebral level is the base of the heart located?
|
~ T2
|
|
|
What is the covering of the heart called?
|
Pericardium.
|
|
|
What are the two layers of the pericardium?
|
Visceral and Parietal.
|
|
|
What is the difference between the visceral and parietal layers of the pericardium?
|
Visceral - covers heart directly.
Parietal - outside layer, covers cavity of heart. |
|
|
What are the 3 layers of tissue that make up the heart wall?
|
Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium.
|
|
|
Which of the 3 layers of the heart wall is the one that is on the outside, containing blood vessels?
|
Epicardium
|
|
|
Which of the 3 layers of the heart wall is the innermost layer, forming the valves?
|
Endocardium
|
|
|
Which of the 3 layers of the heart wall is considered the middle layer, forming the bulk of the heart muscle?
|
Myocardium
|
|
|
Are the atria of the heart thin-walled or thick-walled?
|
Thin-walled.
|
|
|
What is the general purpose of the atria?
|
Receiving blood.
|
|
|
What is the general purpose of the ventricles?
|
Pump blood.
|
|
|
Blood coming from the SVC and IVC travels to what structure next?
|
The RIGHT atrium.
|
|
|
What is the muscle that divides the ventricles called?
|
The interventricular septum.
|
|
|
What is the muscle that divides the atria?
|
The interatrial septum.
|
|
|
Throw up your gang signs: how many cusps are on the right and left AV valves of the heart?
|
3 on the right, 2 on the left.
|
|
|
What are the connective tissue fibers that brace each cusp of the AV valves?
|
Chordae tendinae.
|
|
|
What are the chordae tendinae attached to?
|
The cusps of the AV valves and the papillary muscles on the floor of the ventricles.
|
|
|
Blood leaving the right ventricle flows into which circuit?
|
Pulmonary circuit.
|
|
|
Blood leaving the left ventricle flows into which circuit?
|
Systemic circuit.
|
|
|
Is the pulmonary trunk efferent or afferent?
|
Efferent - carries blood away from the heart.
|
|
|
How many cusps do the semilunar valves have?
|
3
|
|
|
What is the main function of all of the valves of the heart?
|
Keep blood from going backwards; prevent regurgitation.
|
|
|
Do the pulmonary arteries carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?
|
Deoxygenated - they carry the blood to the lungs to become oxygenated.
|
|
|
Does the aorta carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?
|
Oxygenated - it is carrying oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.
|
|
|
Is blood flow to the head considered part of the systemic circuit?
|
YES.
|
|
|
After leaving the left ventricle, blood travels through which vessel?
|
Aorta.
|
|
|
What valve separates the left ventricle from the aorta?
|
Aortic semilunar valve.
|
|
|
What valve separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary trunk?
|
Pulmonary semilunar valve.
|
|
|
Blood is carried from the lungs back to the heart via which vessels?
|
Pulmonary veins.
|
|
|
Veins carry blood in which direction?
|
Afferent - back to the heart.
|
|
|
Arteries carry blood in which direction?
|
Efferent - away from the heart.
|
|
|
What is the "widow-maker"?
|
Anterior interventricular, descending artery.
|
|
|
What are the two main arteries of the coronary circulation?
|
The right & left coronary arteries.
|
|
|
What does the right coronary artery supply?
|
Most of the myocardium and the right ventricle.
|
|
|
What does the left coronary artery supply?
|
L ventricle, L atrium, interventricular septum.
|
|
|
When is blood flow to the myocardium the greatest?
|
When the heart is relaxed.
|
|
|
What is systole?
|
Contraction.
|
|
|
What is diastole?
|
Relaxation.
|
|
|
During atrial systole, what is happening to the ventricle?
|
Ventricular diastole.
|
|
|
Can the chambers of the heart contract simultaneously?
|
No - when the atria contract, the AV valves are open to allow blood flow. When the ventricles contract, the AV valves must be closed to prevent backflow. If both contracted, the AV valves would be closed or open at the wrong times.
|
|
|
During ventricular systole, what is happening to the atrium?
|
Atrial diastole.
|
|
|
What is angina pectoris?
|
Severe chest pain resulting from temporary ischemia (local loss of blood supply) whenever the heart's workload increases. Heart goes into flutters/spasms.
|
|
|
What is mitral valve prolapse?
|
When 1 or more valves stretch, blood leaks back into atrium; regurgitation/heart murmur.
|
