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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A system of beliefs, practices, and philosophical values shared by a group of people that defines the sacred, helps explain life and offers salvation from the problems of human existence
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Religion
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Patterns of behavior or practices that are related to the sacred
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rituals
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An active attempt to coerce spirits or to control supernatural forces
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Magic
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Belief in the existence of nonpersonalized supernatural forces that can and often do influence human events
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Supernaturalism
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A diffuse, nonpersonalized force that acts through anything that lives or moves
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Mana
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A sacred prohibition against touching, mentioning, or looking at certain objects, acts, or people.
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Religious taboo
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Belief in inanimate, personalized spirits or ghosts of ancestors that take an interest in and actively work to influence human affairs
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Animism
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Belief in a number of gods
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Polytheism
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The process by which people lose control over the social institutions they themselves invented
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Alienation
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Tends to limit its membership to a particular class, ethnic, or religious group
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Denomination
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Movements that typically prophesy the end of the world, the destruction of all evil people and their works, and the saving of the just
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Millenarian movements
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The trend among many religious communities to draw together and project a sense of unity and common direction
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Ecumenism
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The first sociologist to distinguish between the sacred and the profane who discussed religion's role in promoting social cohesion
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Emile Durkheim
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Discussed, in The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, how the ideology of Calvinism had influenced the development of capitalism
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Max Weber
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Showed that the Hindu belief in the sacredness of cows is a positive strategy for adapting to the environment in India and therefore quite rational
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Marvin Harris
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Saw religion as a tool that the upper classes use to maintain control of society and to dominate the lower classes.
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Karl Marx
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An anthropologist who explained the functional differences between religion and magic, with the former uniting a group of believers and the latter helping the individual who used magic
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Bronislaw Malinowski
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