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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Reinforcement theory simply looks at the relationship between ____ and its _____. focuses on the use of modifying employees on-the-job behavior through the appropriate use of immediate rewards and punishments
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behavior and it's consequences
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def
name given to the set of techniques by which reinforcement theory is used to modify human behavior |
Behavior modification
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The basic assumption underlying Behavior modification is what law?
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the law of effect
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def
behavior that is positively reinforced tends to be repeated and behavior that is not reinforced tends not to be repeated. |
Law of effect
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def
anything that causes a behavior to be repeated or inhibited |
Reinforcement
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What are the 4 reinforcement tools?
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positive reinforcement
avoidance learning punishment extinction |
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type of reinforcement:
-administration of a pleasant and rewarding consequence following a desired behavior (such as praise for an employee) |
positive reinforcement
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type of reinforcement:
-removal of an unpleasant consequence once a behavior has improved |
Avoidance learning (Negative reinforcement)
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type of reinforcement:
-imposition of unpleasant outcomes on an employee |
punishment
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type of reinforcement:
-withholding of a positive reward. (ignoring bad behavior only praising good) |
Extinction
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Theory that proposes that an individual's motivation can result not jsut from direct experience of rewards and punishments but also from the person's observations of other people's behavior
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Social Learning Theory
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What is vicarious learning also called?
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observational learning
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a unit of work that a single employee is responsible for performing
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job
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def
application of motivational theories to the structure of work for improving productivity and satisfaction |
Job desgin
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Job rotation and job enlargement are types of job _____
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enrichment
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def
incorporating high-level motivators into the work, including responsibility, recognition, and opportunities for growth, learning, and achievement. |
Job enrichment
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in _______ employees have control over the resources neccessary for performing tasks, make decisions on how to do the work, experience personal growth, and set their own work pace
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Job enrichment
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How are jobs in manufacturing plants differnet when they have a job enrichment approach?
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qpeople don't just do one job over and over but switch jobs and do different steps in the process (job rotation)
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What two guys came up with the concept of work redesign? (and job characteristics model)
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Hackman and Oldham
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def
altering jobs to increase both the quality of employee's work experience and their productivity |
Work redesign (Hackman, Oldham)
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what contributions to managment motivation did Hackman and Oldham come up with?
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Work redesign
job characteristics model |
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What three parts is the Job characteristics model made up of? (Hackman, Oldham)
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Core job dimensions
critical psychological traits personal and work outcomes employee growth-need strength |
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What terms are in the Core Job Dimensions part of the Job Characteristics Model (Hackman, Oldham)
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Skill variety
task identity task signifigance Autonomy Feedback |
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What critical psychological states do Skill variety, task identity, and task signifigance (of the core job dimensions) go into?
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Experienced meaningfulness of the work
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What critical Psychological States do 'Autonomy' from the Core Job Dimensions box go to?
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experienced responsibility for outcomes of the work
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What critical psychological states do 'feedback' from teh core job dimensions box go to?
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knowledge of the actual results of the work activities
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What do the 3 critical psychological states in the Job Characteristics Model
(-experienced meaningfulness at work -experienced responsibility for outcomes of the work -knowledge of the actual results of the work activities) do to personal and work outcomes? |
High Internal work motivation
high-quality work performance high satisfaction with the work Low absenteeism and turnover |
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def
the degree to which an employee performs a total job with recognizable beginning and ending |
Task identity
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def (Core Job dimensions) degree to which the job is perceived as important and having an impact |
Task Signifigance |
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Def (Core job dimensions) degree to which worker has freedom, discretion, self-determination in planning and carrying out tasks |
Autonomy |
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def (Core Job Dimension/ job characteristics model) -extent to which doing the job provides feedback to the employee about his or her performance. |
Feeback
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Who identified the 5 Core Job Dimensions? job characteristics model |
Hackman and Oldham |
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Model of job design that considers core job dimensions, individuals' critical psychological states, employee growth-need strength |
Job characteristics model (Hackman, Oldham) |
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type of motivational compensation program: -rewards individual employees in proportion to their performance contributions. |
Pay for Performance (Merit pay) |
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Motivational compensation program: -rewards all employees and managers within a business unit when predetermined performance targets are met. Encourages teamwork. |
Gain Sharing |
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Motivational compensation program: Gives employees part ownership of the organization, enabling them to share in improved profit performance |
Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) |
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Motivational compensation program: Rewards employees with a one-time cash payment based on performance |
Lump-sum bonuses |
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Motivational compensation program: Links employee salary with the number of task skills acquired. -Workers motivated to learn the skills for many jobs, thus increasing company flexibility and efficiency |
Pay for Knowledge |
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Motivational compensation program: Flextime allows workers to set their own hours. Job sharing allows two or more part-time workers to jointly cover one job. |
Flexible work schedule |
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Motivational compensation program: Rewards employees for behavior and activities that benefit the team, such as cooperation, listening, and empowering others |
Team-based compensation |
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Motivational compensation program: Rewards employees for meeting ambitious goals with luxury items, such as high-definition televisions, tickets to big-name sporting events, and exotic travel |
Lifestyle awards |
