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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What happens when you contract blood vessels?
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Contraction increases pressure in the blood, so it moves from high pressure to low pressure.. aka blood is accelerating!
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What ensures that blood is unidirectional?
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One-way valves
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Do the one way valves ensure controllability?
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Yes, when pressure is applied blood will flow in both directions, if you have valves this ensures that the direction is controlled, if not then blood would go everywhere.
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What are the 6 major transport functions of the circulatory system?
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1. Gases
2.Nutrients 3. Waste 4. Hormones 5. Antibodies 6. Heat |
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What are the 4 essential elements of the circulator system?
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1. Pump (heart) bc blood has to be moving
2. Container (blood vessels) bc blood has to have a place to go 3. Convective medium (blood) 4. Control System (neural, edocrine, and paracrine factors) bc blood has to have something to control it. |
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How does blood flow in chambered hearts?
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Blood enters the atrium and is pumped out by the ventricle
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How does blood flow in skeletal muscle?
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Pushing on vessels generates pressure and blood can flow to elsewhere. HELPS when sitting down for a long period of time.
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What is peristalsis?
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Digestive system assistance via pulsating blood vessels.
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What does peristaltic contraction do?
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Pulsating blood vessels with assistance from the digestive system.
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What does the one way valve prevent?
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Ensure that blood flow is unidirectional
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What is a closed circulatory system?
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Circulatory fluid remains within vessels and does not come in direct contact with the tissues.
-circ fluid is distinct from interstitial fluid -molecules must diffuse across vessel wall. |
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What is a open circulatory system?
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Clirculatory fluid comes in direct contact with the tissues in spaces called sinuses.
-circ fluid mixes with interstitial fluid |
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Do we have a closed or open circulatory system?
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CLOSED!!!!
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Who has an open circulatory system?
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INVERTEBRATES
-sinuses get released and interact with tissue directly. |
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What are the 4 types of FLUID in the circulatory system?
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1. Interstitial fluid
2. Blood 3. Lymph 4. Hemoplymph |
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What is interstitial fluid?
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Extracellular fluid that directly bathes the tissues so this is important with circulatory system bc it interacts with vessels
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What is blood?
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Fluid that circulates within the vessels of a CLOSED circulatory system.
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What is lymph fluid?
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Fluid that circulates in the lymphatic system.
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What is hemolymph fluid?
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Fluid that circulates in an OPEN circulatory system.
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Which animals lack a circulatory system?
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SPONGES, CNIDARIANS, & FLATWORMS! but these have mechanisms for propelling fluids around their bodies.
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What mechanisms do sponges and flatworms use since they lack a circulatory system?
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Ciliated cells move water within body cavities.
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What mechanisms do Cnidarians use since they lack a circulatory system?
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Muscular contractions of the body wall pump water in and out of the body cavities.
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What is the difference in mechanisms between cnidarians, flatworms, and sponges?
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Cnidarians use muscular contractions to to to pump water in and out of the boy cavities & Sponges/Flatworms use ciliated cells to move water out of the body cavity.
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What is the outline circulatory pathway in vertebrates?
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Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules then the veins.
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How many chambers do we have in the heart?
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4 Chambers
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What kind of a circulatory system do JAWED vertebrates have?
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ALL have a CLOSED system, but the structure varies depending on the vertebrates respiratory strategy.
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What kind of circuits do water- breathing fish have?
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SINGLE circuit, but some fish do have an accessory hearts in their tails.
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What kind of circuits do AIR-breathing tetrapods have?
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2 circuits.
1. Pulmonary circuit- right side of the heart 2. Systemic circuit- left side of the heart. |
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How is the flow controlld in the single circuit of water-breathing fish?
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The flow is from the gills, to the body, to the heart and in a continuation.
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What does the double circuit in air-breathing tetrapods contain?
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It has a pulmonary circuit, which is the right side of heart, and a systemic circuit on the left which continuously pumps from the lungs to the entire body.
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What mechanisms do sponges and flatworms use since they lack a circulatory system?
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Ciliated cells move water within body cavities.
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What mechanisms do Cnidarians use since they lack a circulatory system?
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Muscular contractions of the body wall pump water in and out of the body cavities.
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What is the difference in mechanisms between cnidarians, flatworms, and sponges?
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Cnidarians use muscular contractions to to to pump water in and out of the boy cavities & Sponges/Flatworms use ciliated cells to move water out of the body cavity.
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What is the outline circulatory pathway in vertebrates?
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Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules then the veins.
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How many chambers do we have in the heart?
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4 Chambers
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What kind of a circulatory system do JAWED vertebrates have?
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ALL have a CLOSED system, but the structure varies depending on the vertebrates respiratory strategy.
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What kind of circuits do water- breathing fish have?
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SINGLE circuit, but some fish do have an accessory hearts in their tails.
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What kind of circuits do AIR-breathing tetrapods have?
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2 circuits.
1. Pulmonary circuit- right side of the heart 2. Systemic circuit- left side of the heart. |
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What does the single circuit in water-breathing fish contain?
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The flow is from the gills, to the body, to the heart and in a continuation.
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What does the double circuit in air-breathing tetrapods contain?
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It has a pulmonary circuit, which is the right side of heart, and a systemic circuit on the left which continuously pumps from the lungs to the entire body.
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