Chapter 12 Lecture

Front 1

which vertebral segment does the spinal cord normally extend to?

Back 1

L2

Front 2

enlargement that contains origins of nerves that supply upper extremities?

Back 2

cervical

Front 3

enlargement that contains origins or nerves that supply lower extremities?

Back 3

lumbosacral

Front 4

name of landmark at the end of the spinal cord?

Back 4

conus medularis

Front 5

tail of continuing nerves which goes down to sacrum?

Back 5

cauda equina

Front 6

how many spinal segments does the spinal cord consist of?

Back 6

31

Front 7

where is CSF found?

Back 7

arachnoid mater and subarachnoid space

Front 8

below conus medullaris, a fibrous extension of the pia mater leads to the coccyx, and as part of the coccygeal ligaments, helps to anchor the spinal cord in position longitudinally?

Back 8

filum terminale

Front 9

tiny extensions of the pia mater which also anchor the spinal cord to the vertebrae laterally?

Back 9

denticulate ligaments

Front 10

white matter columns are called

Back 10

funiculi

Front 11

gray matter is the

Back 11

horns

Front 12

dura mater has one layer in SC

Back 12

meningeal layer no periosteal layer

Front 13

space outside of dura mater contains fat and connective tissue

Back 13

epidural (not in brain)

Front 14

dura mater ends below the spinal cord at 2nd sacral vertebra; forms the ________ which anchors to the _____ to prevent up/down movement

Back 14

coccygeal ligament ; coccyx

Front 15

sensory neurons are _____ while motor neurons are ___

Back 15

dorsal; ventral

Front 16

where are motor neuron cell bodies?

Back 16

ventral horn

Front 17

where are sensory neuron cell bodies?

Back 17

dorsal root ganglia

Front 18

what is the last step of the reflex arc?

Back 18

effector organ

Front 19

skeletal muscle reflexes are ____

Back 19

somatic

Front 20

visceral reflexes are ____

Back 20

autonomic

Front 21

stretching of muscle activates _____ _______ sensory neurons and increases frequency of its AP.

Back 21

muscle spindle

Front 22

which reflex prevents overstretching of tendons?

Back 22

golgi tendon reflex

Front 23

a parallel bundle of axons with schwann cells enclosed by connective tissue.

Back 23

Nerve

Front 24

nerves are composed of

Back 24

axons

Front 25

membrane that surrounds each axon/ schwann cell

Back 25

endoneurium membrane

Front 26

bundle of axons

Back 26

fascicle

Front 27

coarser sheath (membrane) around each fascicle

Back 27

perineurium

Front 28

tough fibrous membrane which binds all fascicles together as a nerve

Back 28

epineurium

Front 29

in order for a collection of neuron cell bodies to be considered a ganglia it must be outside of the CNS true or false?

Back 29

true

Front 30

the area of skin supplied with sensory innervation by a pair of spinal nerves. all except C1 participate.

Back 30

dermatome

Front 31

T2-T12 area which forms intercostal nerves and communicating rami is part of the ______ _____ along with the remaining plexuses

Back 31

ventral ramus

Front 32

any nerve serving a muscle producing movement at a joint also innervates the joint itself and the skin over the joint.

Back 32

hiltons law

Front 33

which structure wraps axons in the CNS myelinating them?

Back 33

oligodendrocytes