Chapter 12: Dna Replication And Protein Synthesis

Front 1

3' end

Back 1

Back (Definition)

Hint 1

Free 3' end

Front 2

5' end

Back 2

Where DNA polymerase begins

Hint 2

DNA Polymerase

Front 3

A and P Site

Back 3

A site: where the second tRNA molecule binds

P site: where the first tRNA binds and the second moves to it

Hint 3

tRNA

Front 4

Adenine

Back 4

2 ring nitrogenous base; purine; pairs with Thymine (T)

Hint 4

A

Front 5

Anti-codon

Back 5

On the bottom of tRNA and allows it to bond with the codon; complementary to the codon but does not code for the amino acid

Hint 5

Codons bind

Front 6

Codon

Back 6

Three consecutive nucleotides that specify a single amino acid

Hint 6

Ex: AUG

Codes for methionine (met)

Front 7

Cyptoplasm

Back 7

Material inside the cell membrane but does not include the nucleus; transition takes place inside it

Hint 7

Holds organelles

Front 8

Cytosine

Back 8

1 ring nitrogenous base; pyrimidines; pairs with Guanine (G)

Hint 8

C

Front 9

Deletion

Back 9

Changes how codons are read

Hint 9

Frame shift mutation and/or point mutation

Front 10

Deoxyribose

Back 10

Base of nucleotide; 5 carbon sugar

Hint 10

DNA

Front 11

DNA

Back 11

Deoxyribose nucleic acid; codes for genes; double helix to histones to nucleosome to coils to supercoils to chromosome

Hint 11

- Stores genetic info and provides instructions for protein synthesis

- can be accurately copied each time it goes under mitosis

- transmits genetic info from one generation to the next

Front 12

DNA helicase

Back 12

Unzips DNA at hydrogen bonds between base pairs

Hint 12

Replication fork

Front 13

DNA Ligase

Back 13

Bonds lagging strand together to make a continuous chain

Hint 13

Okazaki fragments

Front 14

DNA Polymerase

Back 14

Speeds up synthesis of DNA; uses DNA as a template; only synthesizes in the 5' to 3' direction; "proofreads" each DNA strand

Hint 14

5' to 3'

Front 15

Duplication

Back 15

2 copies of a gene are made

Hint 15

Chromosomal mutation

Front 16

Enhancer sites

Back 16

Where promoters can bind to start transcription; eukaryotic genes

Hint 16

Transcription

Front 17

Frameshift mutations

Back 17

Mutations that shift the "raging frame"

Hint 17

Deletions and Insertions

Front 18

Gene

Back 18

A sequence of DNA used to code for a specific protein

Hint 18

Made up by DNA

Front 19

Guanine

Back 19

2 ring nitrogenous base; purines; bind to Cytosine (C)

Hint 19

G

Front 20

Hox genes

Back 20

Genes that control the differentiation of cells and tissues within an embryo

Hint 20

Pax6 gene- master control gene for gene development

Front 21

Insertion

Back 21

Change way codon is read; add of a nucleotide to DNA strand

Hint 21

Point mutation and Frameshift mutation

Front 22

Inversion

Back 22

Changes order of genes

Hint 22

Chromosomal mutation

Front 23

Lagging strand

Back 23

Made in direction opposite DNA helicase; made discontinuously

Hint 23

Okazaki fragments

Front 24

Leading Strand

Back 24

Engender by DNA polymerase by adding DNA nucleotides; synthesized continuously

Hint 24

Follows DNA helicase

Front 25

mRNA

Back 25

Complimentary to strand of DNA; extra oxygen; produced during transcription; Thymine (T) replaced by Uracil (U)

Hint 25

Messenger RNA

Front 26

Nitrogenous base

Back 26

Base pair; A, T, G, or C

Hint 26

Purines and Pyrimidines

Front 27

Nucleotide

Back 27

5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate group, and nitrogenous base

Hint 27

Backbone of DNA

Front 28

Nucleus

Back 28

Where transcription occurs; stores DNA; controls activities of the cell

Hint 28

Brain of the cell

Front 29

Okazaki fragment

Back 29

Segment made on lagging strand; causes DNA to be discontinuous and DNA to take part

Hint 29

Gaps in DNA

Front 30

Operon

Back 30

Groups of genes operating together

Hint 30

Common in prokaryotes; lac operon

Front 31

Peptide bonds

Back 31

Between amino acids

Hint 31

Holds polypeptide together