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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What 2 bugs are energy- and intra-cellular parasites?
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chlamydia and rickettsia
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How do chlamydia and rickettsia absorb ATP?
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ATP/ADP translocator
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What cells does chlamydia like to inhabit?
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columnar epithelial cells of mucous membranes (conjunctivitis, cervicitis, pneumonia)
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What are the 2 forms of the chlamydia life cycle?
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1.elementary body; 2. initial (reticulate) body
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Which can make its own eneRgy (ATP)?
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Rickettsia
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How do chlamydia and rickettsia spread?
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C: person to person Contact; R: aRthropod vectoR
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What are the 3 species of Chlamydia?
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C. trachomatis (eyes, genitals, lungs); C. psittaci (lungs); C. pneumonia (lungs)
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What is the treatment for Chlamydia?
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tetracycline (doxycycline) or erythromycin
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What is the leading cause of preventable blindness in the world?
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trachoma (eye traction): caused by chlamydia trachomatis (serotypes A,B,C); in the U.S., native Americans are most affected and the main reservoir is the kid population
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Why are babies given erythromycin eye drops?
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inclusion conjunctivitis
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What does C. trachomatis (serotypes D-K) cause?
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1. inclusion conjuctivitis; 2. infant pneumonia; 3. cervicitis; 4. non-gonococcal urethritis in men
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What are the 2 predominant causes of NGU (non-gonococcal urethritis)?
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C. trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum
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Do NGU and gonococcal urethritis occur together?
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YES!
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What structures does Chlamydia lack?
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peptidoglycan layer + muramic acid
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What is a typical treatment for urethritis of unknown origin?
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1. ceftriaxone (Neisseria gonorrhea); 2. 7-day oral doxycycline or 1-day azithromycin (C. trachomatis or U. urealyticum)
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What is PID and what causes it?
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pelvic inflammatory disease in women caused by N. gonorrhea or C. trachomatis
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How do you treat PID?
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ceftriaxone and 14 days of doxycycline
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What are some sequelae of PID?
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1. infertility; 2. tubal (ectopic) pregnancy; 3. chronic pelvic pain
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What is Reiter's syndrome?
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inflammatory arthRITIS of large joints, usually in young men 20-40 years old; often caused by Chlamydia
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What is Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome?
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infection of liver capsule with upper R quadrant pain; associated with Chlamydial or Gonococcal infections
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What does C. trachomatis (serotypes L1, L2, L3) cause?
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LGV: lymphogranuloma venerum; starts with painless papule on genitals, heals, then bacteria move to regional lymph nodes
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What is psittacosis?
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atypical pneumonia caused by C.psittaci, usually contracted from birds
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What are the causes of atypical pneumonias?
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae, C. psittaci, C. pneumoniae
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What is Chlamydia pneumonia TWAR?
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recently discovered species of chlamydia which causes atypical pneumonia; TWAR=TaiWan and Acute Respiratory
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What test is used to confirm Rickettsiae diagnosis?
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Weil-Felix test: look at the OX-2, OX-19, OX-K antigens which are also found on the Proteus vulgaris
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What are 3 other tests besides the Weil-Felix test to confirm Rickettsiae?
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1. IFA (immunofluorescence test); 2. CF (complement fixation test); 3. ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay)
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Why is rickettsiae a "traveler"?
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1. Rocky Mountain spotted fever (rides a tick); 2. epidemic typhus (a louse); endemic typhus (a flea)
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What is the Rickettsiae vector?
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aRthropod vectoR
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Wher to Rickettsiae and Chlamydia replicate in the cell?
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R: cytoplasma; C: endosomes
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What host cells do Rickettsiae prefer?
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endothelial cells
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What diseases do Rickettsiae cause?
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rashes, high fevers, bad headaches
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What is the Rickettsiae TAXI?
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T: gram -, non-motile, rod to coccoid shaped bacteria; A: intracellular parasite, traveler, arthropod vector, likes endothelial cells; X: rashes, high fever, bad headaches (Rocky Mtn Spotted fever, Rickettsial pox, epidemic typhus, endemic typhus, Tsutsumaguchi fever; I: doxycycline, chloramphenicol
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What is Rocky Mtn spotted fever?
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caused by R. rickettsii; signs/symptoms: fever, conjunctival redness, severe headache, rash that moves from writsts, ankles, soles, palms to trunk; southeast U.S.; attack endothelial lining of small blood vessels, capillaries causing small hemorrhage & thrombi
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What is rickettsial pox?
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caused by R. akari; transmitted by mites on mice; self-limited, mild disease
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What is epidemic typhus?
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caused by R. prowasekii; carried by lice in crowded, dirty conditions; flying squirrels are reservoirs in the US; fever, headache, pink macules on upper trunk, risk of clotting and gangrene
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What is Brill-Zinsser disease?
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caused by latent R. Prowasekii left over from epidemic typhus not treated with antibiotics
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What is endemic typhus?
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R. typhi; carried by flea and rodents are reservoir; less serious than epidemic typhus
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What is scrub typhus?
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aka Tsutsumagushi fever caused by R. tsutsumagushi; spread by larvae of mites (chiggers); mites live on rodents; high fever, headache, scab at the bite site; flat or bumpy rash
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What is Bartonella quintana and what does it cause?
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formerly Rochalimea, causes Trench fever; Bartonella quintana stands fro the 5 day interval between relapses
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What 2 diseases are associated with war, filth, lice?
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epidemic typhus and Trench fever
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What is Bartonella henselae?
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causes cat-scratch fever and Bacillary angiomatosis
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What is Q fever?
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caused by Coxiella burnetti which has an endospore form; soaking sweats, abrupt onset of fever, pneumonia; only rickettsial disease causing pneumonia and NO rash
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How is Coxiella burnetti different from other Rickettsia?
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endospore form; resist heat & drying; extracellular existence; non-arthropod transmission (ticks and cattle); mild pneumonia due to inhaled spores
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What is Ehrlichiea chaffeensis?
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close relative of Ehrlichia canis, the disease transmitted between dogs with ticks; similar to Rocky Mountain spotted fever, but only 20% get rash
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