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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a genome?
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A cell's endowment of DNA, its genetic information.
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DNA molecules are packaged into what?
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Chromosomes.
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Cell division results in ________.
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Genetically identical daughter cells.
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Each duplicated chromosomes has two _________.
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Sister chromatids.
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What is the narrow "waist" of two attached sister chromatids?
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Centromere.
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What is mitosis?
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The division of the nucleus.
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What is cytokinesis?
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The division of the cytoplasm.
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List the parts of the cell cycle in order.
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Interphase (G1, S, G2)
M Phase (Mitosis, Cytokinesis) |
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What are the stages of mitosis in order?
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Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
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When does the mitotic spindle begin to form?
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Prophase.
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What type of structure is the mitotic spindle?
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Microtubules.
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What organizes the cell's microtubules?
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Centrosome (MTOC - microtubule organizing center).
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What is an aster?
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A radial array of short microtubules that extend from each centrosome.
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What does the kinetochore do?
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It "walks" along the spindle fibers to pull chromosomes in half. It also breaks down the microtubules attached to the chromosomes.
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What causes a cleavage furrow during the cell cycle?
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Microfilaments.
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What is a checkpoint in the cell cycle?
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A critical control point where stop and go-ahead signals can regulate the cycle.
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In which phases are the major checkpoints found for the cell cycle?
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G1, G2, M Phases.
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What occurs if the cell does not receive a go-ahead signal at a checkpoint?
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The cell will switch into a non-dividing state called the G0 phase.
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What must a kinase be attached to to drive the cell cycle?
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Cyclin.
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What is MPF, and what does it do?
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Maturation-promoting factor. It triggers the cell's passage past the G2 checkpoint into M phase by phosphorylating a variety of proteins.
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What is a growth factor?
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A protein released by certain cells that stimulate other cells to divide.
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What are two external physical factors on cell division?
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Density-dependent inhibition, where crowded cells stop dividing due to insufficient amounts of nutrients. Anchorage dependence, where cells must be attached to a substratum to divide.
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What is metastasis?
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The spread of cancer cells to locations distant from their original site.
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