Chapter 12 B

Front 1

filibuster

Back 1

an action such as a prolonged speech that obstructs progress in a legislative assembly while not technically contravening the required procedures

Front 2

rule 22

Back 2

Rule XXII of the Standing Rules of the United States Senate, established by the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration, governs the precedence of motions in the Senate.

Front 3

gerrymandering

Back 3

manipulate the boundaries of (an electoral constituency) so as to favor one party or class.

Front 4

reapportionment

Back 4

reallotment: a new apportionment (especially a new apportionment of congressional seats in the United States on the basis of census results)

Front 5

constituency service

Back 5

Actions taken by members of congress and their staff to attend to the individual, particular needs of constituents.

Front 6

casework

Back 6

social work directly concerned with individuals

Front 7

franking

Back 7

Franking are any and all devices or markings such as postage stamps, printed or stamped impressions, codings, labels, manuscript writings, and/or any other authorized form of markings affixed or applied to mails to qualify them to be postally serviced.

Front 8

House Rules Committee

Back 8

The Committee on Rules, or Rules Committee, is a committee of the United States House of Representatives. Rather than being responsible for a specific area of policy, as most other committees are, it is in charge of determining under what rule other bills will come to the floor.

Front 9

logrolling

Back 9

a sport in which two contestants stand on a floating log and try to knock each other off by spinning it with their feet.
AKA:
the practice of exchanging favors, esp. in politics by reciprocal voting for each other's proposed legislation.

Front 10

specialization

Back 10

the act of specializing, or pursuing a particular line of study or work
^So government officials pursing only a particular line of issues? aka only following gay rights?

Front 11

decentrilization

Back 11

the social process in which population and industry moves from urban centers to outlying districts

Front 12

cloture

Back 12

(in a legislative assembly) a procedure for ending a debate and taking a vote.

Front 13

malapotionment

Back 13

Any system where one group has significantly more influence than another, such as when voting districts are unevenly spread out across a population (compare gerrymandering)

Front 14

majority-minority districts

Back 14

A majority-minority district is a United States congressional district in which the majority of the constituents in the district are racial or ethnic minorities.
Not same as minority-majority

Front 15

redistricting

Back 15

Redistricting is the process of drawing United States electoral district boundaries, often in response to population changes determined by the results of the decennial census.

Front 16

legislative veto

Back 16

a provision that allows a congressional resolution (passed by a majority of congress, but not signed by the President) to nullify a rulemaking or other action taken by an executive agency.

Front 17

appropriations

Back 17

a sum of money or total of assets devoted to a special purpose.

Front 18

veto ovveride

Back 18

A veto – Latin for "I forbid" – is the power to unilaterally stop an official action, especially the enactment of legislation.

Front 19

Baker vs Carr

Back 19

Baker v. Carr, 369 U.S. 186, was a landmark United States Supreme Court case that retreated from the Court's political question doctrine, deciding that redistricting issues present justiciable questions, thus enabling federal courts to intervene in and to decide reapportionment cases

Front 20

Reynolds vs Sims

Back 20

Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U.S. 533 was a United States Supreme Court case that ruled that state legislature districts had to be roughly equal in population.

Front 21

Wesberry v Sanders

Back 21

U.S. Supreme Court case involving U.S. Congressional districts in the state of Georgia. The Court issued its ruling on February 17, 1964. This decision requires each state to draw its U.S. Congressional districts so that they are approximately equal in population.

Front 22

Congressional Staff

Back 22

Congressional staff are employees of the United States Congress or individual members of Congress.

Front 23

Formal structure

Back 23

is the official guidelines, documents or procedures setting out how the organisation’s activities are divided and co-ordinated.

Front 24

Informal structure

Back 24

is the unofficial guidelines, documents or procedures setting out how the organisation’s activities are divided and co-ordinated.

Front 25

markup session

Back 25

The process of marking up bills and resolutions in committees of the House of Representatives generally resembles, but does not perfectly replicate, the process of amending measures on the House floor.

Front 26

seniority system

Back 26

In Congress, the seniority system describes the practice of granting privileges to members of Congress (Senators and Representatives) who have served the longest.

Front 27

majority/minority leaders

Back 27

The Majority Leader and Minority Leader are elected by their respective party conferences to serve as the chief Senate spokesmen for their parties and to manage and schedule the legislative and executive business of the Senate.

Front 28

Speaker of the House

Back 28

The term speaker is a title often given to the presiding officer of a deliberative assembly, especially a legislative body. The speaker's official role is to moderate debate, make rulings on procedure, announce the results of votes, and the like.

Front 29

President pro tempore of Senate

Back 29

The second-highest-ranking official of the United States Senate.

Front 30

Congressional reassertion of power

Back 30

congress asserting its authority to curb the authority of the federal government by asserting its constitutional right to do so.

Front 31

Ways and Means Committee

Back 31

a permanent committee of the United States House of Representatives that makes recommendations to the US House on all bills that would raise revenue

Front 32

types of bills

Back 32

Public and Private Bills

Front 33

caucus

Back 33

a meeting of the members of a legislative body who are members of a particular political party, to select candidates or decide policy.

Front 34

incubency

Back 34

the existing holder of a political office.
Are more likely to stay in office for longer

Front 35

framers' intent

Back 35

The core issue or issues that the authors intended the debate to be about when they wrote the Resolution.

Front 36

committee chairs

Back 36

The legislator who is responsible for the actions of a particular legislative committee.

Front 37

non-germane amendment

Back 37

A non germane amendment is an amendment to a bill that is not related to the purpose of the bill

Front 38

Majority/Minority whips

Back 38

Assistants to the floor leaders who are also elected by their party conferences. The Majority and Minority Whips (and their assistants) are responsible for mobilizing votes within their parties on major issues. In the absence of a party floor leader, the whip often serves as acting floor leader.

Front 39

President of the Senate

Back 39

title often given to the presiding officer of a senate, and is the speaker of other assemblies.
The Vice President

Front 40

types of committees

Back 40

Standing committees are permanent panels identified as such in chamber rules
Select or special committees are established generally by a separate resolution of the chamber, sometimes to conduct investigations and studies, and, on other occasions, also to consider measures.
Joint committees are permanent panels that include members from both chambers, which generally conduct studies or perform housekeeping tasks rather than consider measures.

Front 41

fiscal policy

Back 41

a government policy for dealing with the budget (especially with taxation and borrowing)