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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Purpose of mucus in nasal cavity
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Moisture, solvent for odor, protection
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What happens to receptors with age
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decrease, less sensitive
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What sense does smell (olfactory) intensify
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taste
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Gustation
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sense of taste
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Papillae
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epithelial projections
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Extrinsic Muscles
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6 attached to eye and allows movement
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Lacrimal glands
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produces tears
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Conjunctiva
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thin transparent covering on eyelids, covers sclera. PINK EYE HERE
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Sclera
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White portion of eye. Maintains round shape.
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Canal of Schlemm
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drainage of fluid at the front of the eye. There is a proper amount of fluid needed to maintain eye shape
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Vascular Tunic
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middle layer composed of choroid, iris, and lens.
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Iris
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colored portion of eye
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Pupil
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hole in middle of iris, controls amount of light being let it.
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Choroid
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dark brown vascular layer. Blood vessels located here. Reason we can't see well at night.
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Ciliary body
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contains muscles attached to lends
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Cataracts
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protein that grows over lens
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Presbyopia
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old age vision. Lens loses flexibility
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Neural Tunic
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Retina. Inner layer, thinnest most fragile and most complex. Forms visual images
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Central Fovea
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In Macula, where vision is the sharpest
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Rods
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black and white. Night vision . 125 million cells
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Cones
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Red, green, blue. High intensity light; color vision. 6 million cells.
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Anterior cavity of eye
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2 chambers filled with aqueous humor
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Posterior cavity of eye
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filled with vitreous humor
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Myopia
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eye too long, near sighted
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Hyperopia
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eye too short, far sighted
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Retinal image formation order
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Cornea, aqueous humor, pupil, lens, vitreous humor, retina
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Optic Chiasm
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where two optic nerves cross over each other
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Auricle
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Elastic cartilage and fat. Collects soundwaves.
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External auditory canal
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skin lined carrying waves.
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External Auditory Meatus
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Hole in the bone
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Auditory ossicles
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smallest bones in body. takes vibrations to inner ear.
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Malleus
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Touching back of ear drum
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Incus
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Attached to Malleus
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Stapes
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attached to Incus
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Tympanic cavity
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no liquids. Auditory ossicles here.
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Eustachian tube/auditory tube
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equalizes air pressure from the air we breathe to the air in skull
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Oval Window
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Thin moveable membrane end of stapes -> inner ear.
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Round Window
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Fluid filled. Moves as result of Oval WIndow
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Vestibule
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entry way to Inner ear. Balance and equilibrium.
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Cochlea
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only place where fluid is high in potassium
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Auditory Cortex of Cerebrum
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perceiving what you're hearing
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Exocrine Glands
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Ducts that carry secretion to the surface- sweat, tear, oil, mammory.
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Endocrine Glands
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Produce hormones to vessels in the glands. Within the body.
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Two major classifications of hormones
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Steroids, Proteins
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Steroids
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Derived from lipids, made in smooth ER
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Proteins
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Rough ER and ribosomes
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Hormonal Transport
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In blood hydrophilic it's transported in plasma. Steroids are hydrophobic and bound to plasma proteins then travels.
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endocrines
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effect happens far away from release
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paracrines
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effect is very near, often times attached to the gland
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Down Regulation
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receptor numbers decrease so hormones don't effect the cell too much. For high concentrations
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Up Regulation
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receptor numbers increase. When there isn't as much hormone in blood.
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Cascading
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way for cell to make a large amount of enzymes from 1 hormone attaching to 1 receptor.
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Antagonistic effect
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any hormone which acts to work against another hormone
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Sella turcia of the sphenoid
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"sattle" bone where pituitary gland sits
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Anterior Pituitary
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controlled by hormones of the hypothalamus
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Posterior Pituitary
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hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus
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Growth Hormone
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GH, causes body to grow, stimulates lipolysis, inhibits glucose uptake by cells, stimulate other glands
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Prolactin
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stimulates milk production
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Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
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TSH, stimulates synthesis of T3 and T4 from thyroid gland.
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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
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ACTH, stimulates synthesis and secretion of the glucocorticoid hormones (cortisol and cortisone) from the adrenal cortex
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Follicle Stimulating Hormone
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FSH, Reproductive/fertility, stimulates development of sperm and eggs.
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Luteinizing Hormone
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Stimulates the synthesis and secretion of the gonadal hormones: estrogen and progesterone in the ovary and testosterone in the testes
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Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
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MSH, Stimulates melanocytes to produce melanin which is responsible for skin color pigment.
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Oxytocin
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Stimulates smooth muscle contraction of uterus during labor.
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Antidiuretic Hormone
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ADH, prevents urination, inhibits urine production by conserving water, release controlled by osmotic pressure of the blood
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Thyroid hormones
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stimulated by TSH, increase HR, nervous system development in children, increase ATP production, metabolic rate
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Calcitonin
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Calcium and phosphorus to be absorbed by bone
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Parathyroid Glands
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Inside thyroid gland, increases blood calcium and increases bone breakdown. Target is kidney
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Adrenal Glands
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On top of each kidney
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Adrenal Medulla
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adrenaline released here. Epinephrine and norepinephrine
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Adrenal Cortex
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Aldosterone and Cortisol
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Aldosterone
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conserves water and sodium in blood
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Cortisol
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Metabolism of carbs, fats, proteins
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Pancreas
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Islets of Langerham- insulin and glucagon
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Insulin
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Beta cells, assists in entrance of glucose into all body cells
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Glucagon
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Alpha cells, Releases stored glycogen from liver and muscles
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Ovaries
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right and left pelvic cavity, Estrogen, progesterone (uterine lining and development)
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Testes
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Testosterone, Inhibin (suppresses sperm production)
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Thymus
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Largest size when fetus. Goes away around age 16, programs the immune system.
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