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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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aminocentesis
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a procedure used in fetal diagnosis in which fetal cells are removed from the amniotic fluid
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chromosome map
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a diagram of allele positions on a chromosome
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deletion
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a mutation in which a segment of DNA breaks off of a chromosome
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choronic vili smapling
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a procedure involving the analysis of the choronic vili (fingerprint) to diagnose fetal genotypes
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Down syndrome
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a disorder caused by an extra twenty-first chromosome and characterized by a number of physical and mental abnorrmalities
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Duchenne muscular dystrophy
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a form of muscular dystrophy that weakens and progressively destroys muscel tissue
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frame shift mutation
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a mutation that results in the misreading of teh code during translation because if a change in the reading frame
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genetic counceling
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the processx of informing a couple about their genetic makeup, which had the potential to affect their offspring
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genetic disorder
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a disease that has a genetic bases
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genetic marker
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a short section of DNA that indicates teh presence of an allele that codes for a trait
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genetic screening
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an examination fo a persons genetic makeup
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germ cell mutation
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a change in the DNA of a sex cell
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hemophilia
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a trait in which the blood lacks a protien that is essential for clotting
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Huntington's disease
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a hyman genetic disorder caused by a dominant allele resulting in involuntary movements, mental deterioration, and eventual death
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inversion
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a mutation thatss occurs when a chromosome piece breaks off and reattaches in reverse orientation
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lethal lmutation
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a mutation thats causes death
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linkage group
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a group of genes that, located on the same chromosome, that are usually inhertied together
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map unit
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a unit in chromosome mapping equal to 1 percent occurrance of crossing over
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monosomy
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a condition in a diploid cell in which one chromosome of one pair is missing as a result of nondisjunction dduring meiosis
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multiple allele trait
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are controlled by three or more alleles of the same gene that code for a single trait
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nondisjunction
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failure of a chromosome to sepearte form its homologue during meisos
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pedigree
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a diagram if the genetic history of an individual; can show how a trait is inherited over several generations
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phenyketonuria
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PKU- agenetic disorder in which the body cannot metabolize phenylalanine
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point mutation
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the cahange of a single nitrogen-containing base within a codon
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polygenic trait
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a trait controlled by multiple genes
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sex influenced trait
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a trait that is influenced by the presence of male or female sex hormones
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sex linkage
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the presence of a gene on a sex chromosome
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single allele trait
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a trait controlled byt a single allele
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somatic mutation
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a mutation that occurs in a body cell
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substitution
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a point mutatin in which one nucleotide in a codon is replaced with a different nucleotided
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translocation
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a mutation in which a broken piece of chromosome attaches to a nonhomologuos chromosome; movement of organic molecules in plant tissues
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trisomy
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a chromosomal anomaly in which an individual has an extra chromosome in any of the chromosome pairs
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trisomy-21
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a human congential disorder caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 due to failure of the sister chromatids to seperate during mitosis or the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis
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x-linked gene
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a gene found on teh x chromosome
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y-linked genes
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a gene found on teh y chromosome
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