Chapter 12

Front 1

Name the 3 types of muscle tissue

Back 1

Skeletal or striated, cardiac, and smooth

Front 2

This type of muscle tissure is Voluntary, multinucleated, striated & normally attached to bone by tendons

Back 2

Skeletal(striated)

Front 3

This type of muscle tissue is Involuntary, tapered ends & found within the walls of blood vessels, digestive tract, respiratory system, etc.

Back 3

Smooth

Front 4

This type of muscle tissure is Involuntary, striated, have intercalated discs, & found only in the heart

Back 4

Cardiac

Front 5

The moveable point of attachment (is pulled toward the origin)

Back 5

Insertion

Front 6

The immovable or less moveable point of attachment

Back 6

Origin

Front 7

Is skeletal muscle compartmentalized?

Back 7

YES

Front 8

Bundles of muscle fibers

Back 8

Fasicles

Front 9

Connective tissue that surrounds entire muscle & separates the muscle from surrounding tissues and organs

Back 9

Epimysium

Front 10

This connective tissue surrounds fascicles and contains blood vessels & neurons that supply each fascicle

Back 10

Perimysium

Front 11

Surrounds each individual muscle fiber & attaches muscle fiber to one another and supports capillaries that supply each muscle fiber

Back 11

Endomysium

Front 12

Mergence of the connective tissues at the end of muscle that connect the muscle to bone, skin, or another muscle

Back 12

Tendon

Front 13

The plasma membrane of a muscle cell

Back 13

Sarcolemma

Front 14

Tendons that form thick, flattened sheets

Back 14

Aponeuroses

Front 15

The cytoplasm of a muscle cell

Back 15

Sarcoplasma

Front 16

The smooth ER which stores calcium (for muscle contraction

Back 16

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Front 17

Invaginations of the sarcolemma, which allow electrical currents from nerve transmission to stimulate areas deep within the muscle cell.

Back 17

T(transverse) tubules

Front 18

bundles of protein fibers (myofilaments) which occupy much of the sarcoplasm

Back 18

Myofibrils

Front 19

Name the 2 types of myofilaments

Back 19

Actin and Myosin

Front 20

Thin filaments

Back 20

Actin

Front 21

Thick filament

Back 21

Myosin

Front 22

Functional unit of a muscle fiber

Back 22

Sarcomere

Front 23

These are produced by the actin (thin) filaments and myosin (thick) filaments

Back 23

Striations

Front 24

The ___ is composed of protein that supports the actin filaments

Back 24

Z-line

Front 25

__ band: is where actin and myosin overlap
___ band: is where there are actin filaments only

Back 25

A and I band

Front 26

In the __ zone there are myosin filaments only

Back 26

Z

Front 27

Specialized region of the sarcolemma where the junction of an axon occurs

Back 27

Motor end plate

Front 28

The ____ ____ is the area where a motor neuron and a muscle cell meet

Back 28

Neuromuscular Junction

Front 29

Consists of the motor neuron & all the muscle cells that are stimulated by it.

Back 29

Motor unit

Front 30

The space between the neuromuscular junction is called the ___

Back 30

Synapse

Front 31

A ______ is a chemical released from a neuron which diffuses across the synapse to attach to a receptor on the next cell’s membrane.

Back 31

Neurotransmitter

Front 32

At the neuromuscular junction the neurotransmitter is always ____.

Back 32

Acetylcholine(ACh)

Front 33

Occurs when a muscle is stimulated by a single electric shock. (a single rapid contraction & relaxation of a muscle (The stimulus must be at threshold, or the minimal strength of stimulus to cause action potential).

Back 33

Twitch

Front 34

The action potential occurs along the _____.

Back 34

Sarcolemma

Front 35

Occurs when a second electrical shock immediately follows the first shock and causes another twitch that is added to the first twitch (before complete relaxation of first twitch).

Back 35

Summation

Front 36

A smooth, sustained muscle contraction

Back 36

Tetanus

Front 37

The strength of a contraction is measured as what?

Back 37

Tension

Front 38

What are the factors that influence the strength of a muscle contraction

Back 38

number if fibers stimulated, frequency of stimulation, thickness of a muscle fiber, initial length of muscle fibers

Front 39

The strenght of a muscle contraction is dependant upon what?

Back 39

Number of muscle fibers stimulated

Front 40

___% to ___% resting length is optimal (outside that range, there is a decrease in tension)

Back 40

100 to 120

Front 41

When referring to energy requirements of skeletal muscles, muscle fibers generate ATP through anaerobic and aerobic respiration and through the formation of _______

Back 41

Creatine Phosphate

Front 42

aerobic respiration of fatty acids occurs when the muscles are ___(at rest or exercised)

Back 42

Rest

Front 43

Once oxygen demand can no longer be met, cells begin anaerobic respiration again, forming _____.

Back 43

Lactic Acid

Front 44

When the skeletal muscles are ____(at rest or exercise)anaerobic and aerobic respiration of glycogen & glucose (anaerobic until blood supply is sufficient to deliver enough oxygen to particular muscles).

Back 44

Exercise