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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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deviation from statistical norms, deviation from social norms, the maladaptiveness of behavior, and personal distres
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abnormal behavior
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abnormal behavior according to what is uncommon in a given population
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deviation from statistical norms
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pertain to behaviors and characteristics that are acknowledged by a given society
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social norms
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most important criterion in defining abnormality; uncontrollable behaviors that are considered ineffective, unproductive, or unlawful
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maladaptiveness of behavior
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criterion of abnormality; feelings about his/her own thoughts and actions
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level of personal distress
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consists of efficient perception of reality, ability to exercise woluntary control over behavior, a healthy and positive self-esteem, the ability to form affectionate relationships, and productivity.
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normality
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most widely used classification system for abnormal behavior
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders
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this is where the main diagnostic category is coded. it includes the main focus of attention and often covers the primary reason behind why the client was referred
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Axis I
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in some instances, more long-standing psychological conditions need to be considered. mental retardation and personality disorders are coded in the axis
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Axis II
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this axis contains any existing physical disorders/conditions that may need medical attention
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Axis III
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the personal difficulties and stressful events that precipitated the current disorder(s) are dully noted in this axis
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Axis IV
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the global assessment of functioning is coded in this axis A scale of 100 points is used to reflect the quality of the general functioning of the individual in the past year
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Axis V
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these disorders include mental retardation and delays in the various aspects in which the children and adolescents are expected to develop
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disorders usually first diagnosed n infancy, childhood, or adolescence
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they cover the permanent or temporary impairment of the functioning of the brain as a result of aging, degenerative diseases of the nervous system, or the ingestion of toxic substances
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delirium, dementia, amnestic, and other cognitive disorders
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the presence of mental symptoms is assessed to be the direct physiological consequence of a medical condition
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mental disorders due to a general medical condition
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these include disorders caused by the excessive and/or habitual use of one or more psychoactive substances that alter behavior, the side effects of a prescribed medication, or exposure to a toxic substance
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substance-related disorder
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these are characterized by gross impairment of reality testing, marked disturbances of thought and perception, and bizarre behavior
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schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders
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there are disturbances of normal mood
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mood disorders
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feelings of anxiety are either the main symptom or play a crucial role in disorders of this nature
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somatoform disorders
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feigning or intentionally producing physical or psychological symptoms to appear sick without any apparent gains is a manifestation disorders
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factitious disorders
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these disorders are marked by temporary shifts in the functions of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the environment due to emotional problems
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dissociative disorders
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distress in these disorders is caused by problems with sexual identity, sexual performance, or the direction of sexual arousal
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sexual and gender identity disorders
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these disorders include self-induced starvation and/or binge eating, usually accompanied by an inaccurate perception of one's body image
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eating disorders
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these disorders are evinced in pervasive and extreme problems in sleep patterns
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sleep disorders
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these disorders include the inability to control anger and the desire to steal, gamble, set fire, or pull one's hair
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impulse contorl disorders
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these disorders cover emotional and/or behavioral difficulties due to an identifiable stressor
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adjustment disorders
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long-standing and rigid patterns of inner experience and maladaptive behavior that constitute immature and inappropriate ways of coping with stress or solving problems are manifestations of this type of disorder
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personality disorder
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they include problems and life events for which people may seek professional assistance
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other conditions that may be the focus of clinical attention
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those disorders characterized by feelings of anxiety, conflicts, and negative reactions, which are often not fully understood.
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neuroses
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disorder that indicate a loss of one's contact with reality; ppl have disordered thought patterns and disturbances in emotionality. these ppl with this disorder have delusions and hallucinations.
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psychoses
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false beliefs about the person and the world around them
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delusions
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false sensory perceptions
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hallucinations
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explains mental disorders in terms of disturbed neuro-endocrine functions
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biological perspective
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emphasizes the importance of unconscious conflicts and the maladaptive use of defense mechanisms
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psychoanalytical perspective
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focuses on abnormal behavior as learned experiences
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behavioral perspective
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is concerned with conscious mental processes that cover the ares of motivation, emotions, and conflicts
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cognitive perspective
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the integration of these perspectives that constitute the interactions among biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors; interactionist perspective of understanding abnormal behavior
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biopsychosocial approach (Santrock)
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this disorder is demonstrated by poor performance in intelligence tests and by concurrent deficits in adaptive functioning (ex: self-help skills, communication skills, social skills)
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mental retardation
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disorders under this category are characterized by significant lags (considering age and academic exposure) in learning the three basic academic skills, namely, reading, writing, and mathematics
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learning disorders
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these disorders are characterized by severe and pervasive impairments in several areas of development, including the areas of social interaction, communication and motor skills, where the presence of odd stereotyped behaviors is observed
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pervasive developmental disorders (PDD)
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this disorder is marked by lack of focus, excessive and inappropriate physical activity, and poor impulse control
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD)
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under PDD,one of the most well-known disorder. children with this disorder have repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior and interests; are also high functioning and have savant skills(parang exceptional gifts)these skills are often limited to certain areas only and hardly generalize to other skills
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autism
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behavioral markers of ones who have AD/HD
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lack of focus, and attention span, physical hyperactivity, and impulsiveness
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neurotransmitters associated with AD/HD
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dopamine and norepinephrine
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reactions with this emotion include perspiration, increased heart rate and higher blood pressure, tightness in the chest, and mild stomach discomfort. also accompanied by fear(alerting signal of impending danger or threat to oneself)
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anxiety
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a group of disorders characterized by persistent experience of fear, apprehension, and distress
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anxiety disorders
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attribute anxiety disorders to past unresolved unconscious conflicts
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psychoanalytic theories
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focus on anxiety as a learned response to external events, and invoke principles of associative learning to explain some phobias
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behavioral theories
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emphasize the way anxious people think about potential dangers
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cognitive theories
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focus on the interaction of a number of transmitters (including nirepinephrine, serotoninm and gamma-aminobutyric acid)that regulate feelings of anxiety
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biological theories
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characterized by recurrent and unexpected panic attacks; "discrete period in which there is the sudden onset of intense apprehension, fearfulness, or terror, often associated with feelings of impending doom"; accompanied by palpitations, sweating, shortness of breath, and trembling
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panic disorder
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the fear of being in places where escape may be difficult or embarrassing, or where help may be unavailable when an unexpected panic attack occurs
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agoraphobia
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when a marked and persistent fear is experienced when exposed to a known object of situation (flying, seeing an animal or insect, seeing blood, etc.)
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specific phobia
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an anxiety disorder in which the mind is flooded with persistent and uncontrollable thoughts and the individual is compelled to repeat certain acts again and again, causing significant distress and interference with everyday functioning
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obsessive-compulsive disorder
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are persistent thoughts and impulses perceived to be disruptive and anxiety-provoking and to be beyond what may be considered everyday worries
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obsessions
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are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed according to rigid rules and rituals, and usually designed to alleviate specific obsessive thoughts
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compulsions
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severe anxiety immediately after and long past the actual incident' pervading lack of feelings of safety
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post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
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include depressive disorders and bipolar disorders (when there are periods of mania)
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mood disorders
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characterized by sadness, loss of gratification in life, negative thoughts, and the lack of motivation
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depressive disorders
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distinguished by alternate bouts of depression and mania
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bipolar disorder
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make a person do extraordinary feats because energy does not seem to run out
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mania
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when sad feelings and a general loss of interest or pleasure is experienced for a period of at least 2 weeks
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major depressive disorder
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previously known as manic depression; characterized by extreme fluctuations of mood
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bipolar disorder
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formerly known as multiply personality disorder; characterized by the "presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states"
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dissociative identity disorder
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different identities, a personality or two dominate the person's behavior
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alters
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characterized by disturbances in the form of thought(disorganized and often irrelevant speech), in the content of thought(presence of delusions and lack of insight), and in affective response(flattening of feelings).
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schizophrenia
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long-standing, culturally maladaptive behaviors that constitute immature patterns of coping with stress or solving problems
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personality disorders
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ppl with this disorder tend to possess little sense of responsibility, morality, and concern for others
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anti-social personality disorder
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marked by psychological instability and fear of abandonment
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borderline personality disorder
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may be defined as a pattern of negativistic attitude and passive resistance to perform adequately
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passive-aggressive personality disorder
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the act of hurting oneself with the desire to take one's own life
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suicide
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