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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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drug |
any substance other thtan food that affects our bodies or minds |
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affects |
*cause temporary change in behavior, emotion or thought *can lead to intoxication
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intoxication |
literally poisoning |
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hallucinosis |
perceptual distortion & hallucinations |
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substance abuse disorders |
pattern of maladaptive behaviors and reactions brought on by repeated use of substabce |
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tolerance |
adjustment the the brain and body make to the regular use of curtain drugs so that ever larger doses are needed to achieve earlier effects |
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withdrawal |
unpleasant sometimes dangerous reaction that may occur when people who use a drug regularly stop taking or reduce dosages of drug. |
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substance abuse catagories |
depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, cannabis
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substance use disorder |
maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to significant impairment of distress |
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substance use disorder- presence of two or more within 12 month period |
*taking substance in larger amounts or over a longer period than intended *excessive time spent trying to obtain, use, or receive from the effect of substance *failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, schools result of recurrent substance use. *continued use of substance despite persistent social or interpersonal problems caused by it |
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Depressants consist of: |
*alcohol, binge- drinking, ethyl alcohol *sedative- hypnotic drugs *opioids *concentration |
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alcohol use disorder |
*legal but most dangerous *men outnumber women 2 to 1 *delirium tremens: dramatic withdrawal reaction experience by some people who are alcohol dependent. consists of confusion clouded consciousness and terrifying visual hallucinations |
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sedative- hyponotic drugs |
drug used in low doses to reduce anxiety and higher doses to help people sleep |
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sedative hypnotic drugs |
*reduce anxiety induce sleep *barbiturates: addictive sedative hypnotic drug that reduce anxiety and help produce sleep *benzodiazepines: most common group of anti-anxiety drugs which includes valium and Xanax |
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opioids |
*odium or drug derived from opium -morphine -heroin -codeine *can be smoked, inhaled, snorted, injected under skin or into bloodstream *depresses central nervous system, attaches to site that receives endorphins |
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stimulant use disorder |
*regular use of cocaine or amphetamines *problems in short term memory or attention *tolerance and withdrawal reactions *withdrawal may last weeks months after use has ended |
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stimulants |
*cocaine *increases activity in central nervous system *odorless, white, fluffy powder *often snorted *brings on euphoric rush *greater danger is over dose |
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stimulants: cocaine intocication |
symptoms are poor muscle coordination, grandiosity, bad judgment, anger, aggression, compulsive behavior, anxiety, confusion |
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stimulants: cocaine induced psychosis |
symptoms of hallucination, delusions, or both |
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amphetamins |
*methamphetamine: crystals that are smoked *stimulants made in lab *often pill/ capsule form, some injected or smoked *stimulate central nervous system -increases dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin *contains dangerous fumes and residue in labs
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caffine |
*most widely use stimulants *coffee, tea, chocolate, Rxs, *produced release of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine *2-3 cups = caffeine intoxication *100 cups= overdose *can cause hear arrhythmias, high cholesterol, increase risk of hear attack |
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hallucinogens |
*LDS *changes in sensory perception, strengthen perceptions and produces illusions and trips *with 2 hours hallucinogens intoxication *binds to serotonin neurons *no tolerance or withdrawal *powerful: any dose will cause perceptual, emotional and behavioral reactions *long term use may cause psychosis or mood/ anxiety disorder |
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cannabis |
*marijuana *originally use-surgical anesthetic, treatment of cholera, malaria *now used- improve appetite of aids patients, reduce nausea/vomiting or cancer patients in chemo |
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poly substance use |
drug interaction with one another |
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poly substance use: combos of substance |
*cross tolerance: reduce symptoms of withdrawal form one drug by taking the other *synergistic effect: an increase effect that occurs when more than on substance is acting on the body at the same time -antagonistic effect: drug has the opposite reaction then intend to
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causes of substance use disorder- sociocultural |
*stressful Socioeconomic conditions *lower socioeconomic status *family environment stressful and unsupportive |
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causes of substance use disorder- psychodynamic |
*parents fail to satisfy child's need for nurturing *depends on others for help and may find drugs *substance abuse personality *dependent, antisocial, impulsive, novelty-seeking and depressive
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causes of substance use disorder- cognitive behavioral view |
*operant conditioning *reward produce expectancy of being rewarding, motivates to use at times of tension *people may self medicate *classical conditioning |
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causes of substance use disorder- biological |
genetic predisposition *animal studies * twin studies *adoptions studies *genetic linkage/ molecular biology
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causes of substance use disorder- biological |
biochemical factors *neurotransmitters *reward center:dopamine rich pathway in brain that produces feelings of pleasure when activated * reward- deficiency syndrome: condition suspected to be present in some people which brains reward center is not readily activated by the usual events in their lives |
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treatments psychodynamic |
*clients uncover and work through underlying needs and conflicts *change substance related styles of living *not really effective |
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treatments behavioral |
*aversion therapy: classical conditioning * contingency management: systematic use of reinforcement *behavioral treatments: only limited success *effective only when motivated to continue despite unpleasantries |
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cognitive behavioral therapy |
*help clients identify and change behaviors and cognitions contributing to substance abuse *relapse prevention training - therapists have clients keep tracking of drinking behaviors - therapists teach clients coping strategies to use when situations arise - therapists teach clients to plan ahead of time - lowers frequency of intoxication and binge drinking in some
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biological |
*detoxification - medically supervised withdrawal * antagonist drug - blocks effects of drug *drug maintenance therapy - methadone maintenance programs |
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sociocultural therapies |
*self help/ residential treatment programs - aa - peer support, moral and spiritual guidelines - residential treatment centers *culture and gender sensitive programs *community prevention programs - first started in schools now expanded to work activity centers and other community centers - some total abstinence son responsible use - can focus on individual, family, peer group
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gambling diorder |
-preoccupied with gambling and cannot walk away from a bet - repeated losses of money - need to gamble with increasing amounts of money to achieve excitement
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gambling causes |
- genetic predisposition - heightened dopamine activity and operation of brains reward center -impulsive qnovelty seeking
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gambling treatments |
- cognitive behavioral therapy - relapse prevention - gamblers anonymous |
