Chapter 12

Front 1

Extends head, shrugs shoulder.

Back 1

Trapezium

Front 2

Extensions of fascia that attach muscle to periosteum of bone.

Back 2

Tendons

Front 3

Extends thigh, forms buttocks.

Back 3

Gluteus Maximus

Front 4

Compresses abdomen, rotates trunk.

Back 4

External Oblique

Front 5

Flexes spine, stabilized pelvis.

Back 5

Rectus Abdominis

Front 6

Covers bundles of muscles.

Back 6

Fascia

Front 7

For injections, abducts femur to shift weight when walking.

Back 7

Gluteus Medius & Minimus

Front 8

Excitability
Contractility
Elasticity

Back 8

Characteristics of Muscle Cells

Front 9

Flexes and turns head to side.

Back 9

Sternocleidomastoid

Front 10

Covers muscle fibers that are grouped into bundles that appear as parallel strands to the eye and make up the grain in meat.

Back 10

Fascicles

Front 11

Flexes hip and knee - rotates femur and tibia - used to cross legs.

Back 11

Sartorius

Front 12

Energy storing polysaccharide abundant in muscle.

Back 12

Glycogen

Front 13

Pulls thoracic cavity up and out to increase size of thoracic cavity.

Back 13

External and Internal Intercostals

Front 14

Support viscera, elevates anus for defecation, forms sphincters.

Back 14

Leviator Ani

Front 15

Extend knee & lower leg.

Back 15

Quadriceps

Front 16

Cytoplasm.

Back 16

Sarcoplasm

Front 17

Contracts, flattens to increase size fo thoracic cavity.

Back 17

Diaphragm

Front 18

Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal

Back 18

Types of Muscle

Front 19

Flex knee & extend thigh.

Back 19

Hamstrings

Front 20

Abduct & raises humerous.

Back 20

Deltoid

Front 21

Sarcomeres are pulled toward each other as myosin heads interat with actin.

Back 21

Contraction

Front 22

SER that forms a network around each myofibril and along T-tubules.

Back 22

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Front 23

Dorsiflexion & inversion of foot.

Back 23

Tibialis Anterior

Front 24

Contractile protein consisting of 200-500 molecules of myosin shaped liek gulf clubs with two heads.

Back 24

Thick action of Myofilaments

Front 25

Synaptic Knob
Synaptic Cleft
Schwann Cell

Back 25

Neuromuscular junction (motor end plate unit) conists of:

Front 26

Bundles of parrellel microfilaments.

Back 26

Myofibril

Front 27

Flexion of knee, plantar flexion of foot (stand on toes).

Back 27

Gastrocnemius

Front 28

Support, Movement, Thermoregulation, Venous Return, Protection, Communication

Back 28

Functions of Muscle

Front 29

Muscle that produces the most force during a particular action.

Back 29

Prime Mover (agonist)

Front 30

Consists of three components:
Tropomysin
Troponin

Back 30

Thin Action of Myofilaments

Front 31

Adducts femur, flexes knee, rotates tibia.

Back 31

Gracilis

Front 32

Muscle Cell Membrane.

Back 32

Sarcolemma

Front 33

Axon fiber and muscle fiber stimulated by the axon. All muscles contract in unison as single unit over wide area.

Back 33

Motor End Unit

Front 34

Tunnel-Like extensions that penetrate inside of the muscle fiber to carry electric current from surface to interior of cell.

Back 34

Tranverse Tubules

Front 35

Flexes elbow and forearm, supinates hand.

Back 35

Biceps Brachii

Front 36

Flexes * adducts shoulder & humerous acoss chest to climb, throw, push.

Back 36

Pectoralis Major

Front 37

Isometric - tension with no change in length.
Isotonic - contraction with change of length no change in tension.

Back 37

Two Phases of Muscle Activity

Front 38

Scar tissue replaces cells, normal function is not restored.

Back 38

Fibrosis

Front 39

Extend elbow and forearm.

Back 39

Triceps Brachii

Front 40

Adducts and extends humerous & shoulder for downward stroke of arm (hammering).

Back 40

Latissimus Dorsi

Front 41

Smooth, prolonged contraction due to rapid series of stimuli proding 4 times the tension as a single twitch.

Back 41

Tetanus

Front 42

Flexes hip joint & thigh.

Back 42

Ilopsoas Group

Front 43

Made by cells, gives a few seconds of energy then muscle acquires ATP by Creatine Phosphate.

Back 43

ATP

Front 44

Created during a burst of strenuous excercise when circulatory system cannot deliver sufficient oxygen to keep up with demand. Rapid breathing restores oxygen level.

Back 44

Oxygen Debt

Front 45

Contractile unit joined end to end at Z line inside of myofibris. Hundreds of repeating units are joined end to end along the length of each muscle cell.

Back 45

Sarcomere

Front 46

Both neurons and muscle are excitable due to charge in ions. Na-K pump maintains this concentration difference.

Back 46

Membrane Potential

Front 47

Not attached to bone, forms tubes in body walls or layers in organs and contract in response to stretching, chemicals, or hormones.

Back 47

Smooth Muscle

Front 48

ATP & CP provides nearly all the energy used for short bursts of intense activity.

Back 48

Phosphagen System

Front 49

Muscles shift to anaerobic respiration until cardiopulmonary system catches up. 30-40 seconds of activity - accumulate lactic acid - cramps occur.

Back 49

Glycogen-Lactic Acid System

Front 50

Gap of space between knob and muscle cell - contains acetylcholinesterase (AchE).

Back 50

Synaptic Cleft

Front 51

Axon connected to a skeletal muscle. Nerve fibers branch at axon end to stimulate one or more muscle fibers at motor end unit.

Back 51

Somatic motor fibers

Front 52

Regenerates ATP from ADP during sliding filament.

Back 52

Creatine Phosphate

Front 53

Muscle that aids the prime mover to produce a more powerful effect.

Back 53

Synergist

Front 54

Contraction and relaxation.

Back 54

Twitch

Front 55

Temporay rigidity post mortenm due to ATP depletion following the cessation of cellular respiration after death. Myosin heads are not released until tissue begins to degrade.

Back 55

Rigor Mortis

Front 56

Muscle that prevents bone movement. - attached to muscle origin - prevent from being pulled out of place.

Back 56

Fixator

Front 57

Surround and seals whole junction to isolate it from surrounding fluid.

Back 57

Schwann cell

Front 58

Bulb on end of motor nerve axon nestled into depression in muscle sarcolemma - release neurotransmitter chemical that stimulates cell axon.

Back 58

Synaptic Knob

Front 59

Excitation
Contraction Coupling
Contraction Stage-Sliding Filament Theory
Relaxtion

Back 59

Steps of muscle Contration

Front 60

The involvement of a certain number of motor units in a particular body movement.

Back 60

Recruitment.

Front 61

Prime Mover (agonist)
Synergist
Antagonist
Fixator

Back 61

4 Classes of Muscles Actions

Front 62

Opposes agonist - prevents injury - Antagonistic pairs required at joints.

Back 62

Antagonist

Front 63

Muscles that are used for short, quick work. - great deal of strength by only briefly.

Back 63

White Fibers - White Meat

Front 64

Eye sphincter, closes eye.

Back 64

Orbicularis Oculi

Front 65

Neorotransmitter stored in synaptic vessicles of knob and stimulates muscle.

Back 65

Acetylcholine

Front 66

Raises/lowers the forehead.

Back 66

Frontalis

Front 67

Chewing, closes jaw.

Back 67

Masseter

Front 68

Origin
Body
Insertion

Back 68

Part or Muscles

Front 69

Contract and relax in alternating rhythm to propel blood with each contraction-pacemaker coordinates contractions.

Back 69

Cardiac Muscle

Front 70

Mouth sphinter, puckers lips, aids in forming words.

Back 70

Orbicularis Oris

Front 71

The minimum voltage required to produce a contraction.

Back 71

Threshold

Front 72

Requires a steady supply oxygen - dark meat.

Back 72

Red Fibers - Slow Twitch Fibers

Front 73

Some muscle fibers are always contracting. - Maintaining posture.

Back 73

Tone