Chapter 12

Front 1

Charles Finney

Back 1

Presbyterian evangelist. Preaches that every man or woman had the power to choose Christ and a godly life

Front 2

Second Great Awakening

Back 2

Began in earnest on the southern frontier around the turn of the century. Highly emotional camp meetings became a regular feature of religious life in the south and the lower Midwest.

Front 3

Peter Cartwright

Back 3

Methodist preacher. One scoffer was seized by the “jerks” a set of involuntary bodily movements often observed at camp meetings.

Front 4

Timothy Dwight

Back 4

Reverend. Became president of Yale College in 1795, was alarmed by the younger generation’s growing acceptance of the belief that the Deity was the benevolent master architect of a rational universe rather than an all-powerful, mysterious God.

Front 5

American Temperance Society

Back 5

The most successful of the reform crusades.Breecher published sermons against drink were often the most important and widely distributed of the early tracts calling for total abstinence from “demon rum.”

Front 6

Horace Mann

Back 6

Most influential supporter of the common school movement. As a lawyer and member of the state legislature, worked tirelessly to establish a state board of education and adequate tax support for the local schools. In 1837, he persuaded the legislature to enact his proposals and he subsequently resigned his seat to become the first secretary or the new board.

Front 7

Dorothea Dix

Back 7

Devoted her energies and skills to publicizing the inhumane treatment prevailing in prisons, almshouses, and insane asylums and to lobbying for corrective action. Mentally ill people

Front 8

William Lloyd Garrison

Back 8

Black opposition to colonization helped persuade William Lloyd Garrison and other white abolitionists to repudiate the Colonization Society and support immediate emancipation without emigration. Launched a new and more radical antislavery movement in 1831 in Boston.

Front 9

Frederick Douglas

Back 9

Black orator. Escaped slave. Made northern audiences aware of the realities of bondage.

Front 10

Neo-Calvinism

Back 10

Reshaped New England Puritanism to increase its appeal to people who shared the prevailing optimism about human capabilities. Main theologian Nathaniel Taylor. Softened doctrine of predestination almost out of existence by contending that every individual was a free agent who had the ability to overcome a natural inclination to sin.

Front 11

Seneca Falls Convention

Back 11

The first women’s rights convention held in 1848 in Seneca Falls, New York, and co-sponsored by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott. Delegates at the convention drafted a “Declaration of Sentiments,” patterned on the Declaration of Independence, but which declared that “all men and women are created equal.”

Front 12

Brook Farm

Back 12

Transcendentalist commune, founded in Massachusetts in 1841, attracted many leading creative figures during its brief existence.

Front 13

Lyman Beecher

Back 13

First great practitioner of the new evangelical Calvinism. Helped promote a series of revivals in the Congregational churches of New England.

Front 14

Lewis Tappan

Back 14

Him and brother Arthur were frequent objects of threats and violence. Successful merchants were key figures in the movement because they used their substantial wealth to finance antislavery activities.

Front 15

“Cult of True Womanhood”

Back 15

Term used by historians to characterize the dominant gender role for white women in the antebellum period. The ideology of domesticity stressed the virtue of women as guardians of the home, which was considered their proper sphere.

Front 16

American Anti-Slavery Association

Back 16

Founded in 1833 by Garrison and other abolitionists. “We shall send forth agents to lift up the voice of remonstrance, the warning, of entreaty, and of rebuke,” its Declaration of Sentiments proclaimed. The colonization movement was placed on the defensive, and during the 1830s, many of its most active northern supporters became abolitionists.

Front 17

Declaration of Sentiments

Back 17

Issued by this first national gathering of feminists charged that “the history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her.” Went on to demand that all women be given the right to vote and that married women be freed from unjust laws giving husbands control of their property, persons, and children. Rejecting the cult of domesticity with its doctrine of separate spheres, these women and their male supporters launched the modern movement for gender equality.

Front 18

Liberator

Back 18

Garrison launched a new and more radical anti-slavery movement in 1831 in Boston, when he began to publish a journal called The Liberator. Besides calling for immediate and unconditional emancipations, Garrison denounced colonization as a slaveholder’s plot to remove troublesome free blacks and as ignoble surrender to un-Christian prejudices.