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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ablation
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A general term for the loss of ice and snow from a glacier
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abrasion
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The grinding and scraping of a rock surface by the friction and impact of rock particles carried by water, wind, or ice
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alpine glacier or valley glaciers
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A glacier confined to a mountain valley, which in most instances had previously been a stream valley
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arete
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A narrow, knifelike ridge separating two adjacent glaciated valleys.
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calving
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Wastage of a glacier that occurs when large pieces of ice break off into water.
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cirque
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An amphitheater-shaped basin at the head of a glaciated valley produced by frost wedging and plucking
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crevasse
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A deep crack in the brittle surface of a glacier.
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drumlin
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A streamlined asymmetrical hill composed of glacial till. The steep side of the hill faces the direction from which the ice evaporated.
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End Moraine
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A ridge of till marking a former position of the front of the glacier.
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esker
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Sinuous ridge composed largely of sand gravel deposited by a stream flowing in a tunnel beneath a glacier near its terminus.
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fiord
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A steep-sided inlet of the sea formed when a glacial trough was partially submerged.
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firn
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Granular recrystallized snow commonly make up old snowbanks near the end of winter.
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glacial budget
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The balance or lack of balance between accumulation at the upper end of a glacier, and loss at the other end.
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glacial drift
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An all-embracing term for sediments of glacial origin, no matter how, where, or in what shape they were deposited
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glacial erratic
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An ice-transported boulder that was not derived from the bedrock near its present site.
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glacial striations
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Scratches and grooves on bedrock caused by glacial abrasion
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glacial trough
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A mountain valley that has been widened, deepened, and straightened by a glacier
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glacier
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A thick mass of ice originating on land from teh compaction and recrystallization of snow. The ice shows evidence of past or present flow.
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ground moraine
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An undulating layer of till deposited as the ice front retreats.
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hanging valley
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A tributary valley that enters a glacial trough at a considerable height above the floor of the trough
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horn
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A pyramidlike peak formed by glacial action in three or more cirques surrounding a mountain summit
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ice cap
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A mass of glacial ice covering a high upland or plateau and spreading out radially
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ice sheet
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A very large thick mass of glacial ice flowing outward in all directions from one or more accumulation centers
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ice shelf
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large relatively flat masses of floating ice that extend seaward from the coast but remain attached to the land along one or more sides
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kame
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A steep-sided hill composed of sand and gravel originating when sediment collected in openings in stagnant glacial ice.
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kettle
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Depressions created when blocks of ice become lodged in glacial deposits and subsequently melt
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lateral moraine
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A ridge of till along the sides of a valley glacier composed primarily of debris that fell to the glacier from the valley walls.
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medial moraine
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A ridge of till formed when lateral moraines from two coalescing valley glaciers join.
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outlet glacier
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A tongue of ice normally flowing rapidly outward from an ice cap or ice sheet, usually through mountainous terrain to the sea.
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outwash plain
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A relatively flat, gently sloping plain consisting of materials deposited by meltwater streams in front of the margin of an ice sheet.
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pater noster lakes
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A chain of small lakes in a glacial trough that occupy basins created by glacial erosion
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piedmont glacier
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A glacier that forms when one or more valley glaciers emerge from the confining walls of mountain valleys and spread out to create a broad sheet in the lowlands at the base of the mountains
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pleistocene epoch
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An epoch of the Quaternary period beginning about 1.8 million years ago and ending about 10,000 years ago. Best known as a time of extensive continental ice sheets
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plucking
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The process by which pieces of bedrock are lifted out of place by a glacier
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pluvial lake
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A lake formed during a period of increased rainfall for example this occurred in many nonglaciated areas during periods of ice advance elsewhere
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roche moutonnee
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An asymmetrical knob of bedrock formed when glacial abrasion smoothes the gentle slope facing the advancing ice sheet and plucking steepens the opposite side as the ice overrides the knob.
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rock flour
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Ground-up rock produced by the grinding effect of a glacier.
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snowline
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Lower limit of perennial snow
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stratified drift
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Sediments deposited by glacial meltwater
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tarn
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A small lake in a Cirque
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till
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Unsorted sediment deposited directly by a glacier
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valley train
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A relatively narrow body of stratified drift deposited on a valley floor by meltwater streams that issue from the terminus of a valley glacier
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zone of accumulation
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The part of a glacier characterized by snow accumulation and ice formation. The outer limit of this zone is the snowline
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zone of wastage
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Below the snowline where there is a net loss to the glacier as all of the snow from the previous winter melts as well as glacial ice.
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till
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Unsorted sediment deposited directly by a glacier
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zone of accumulation
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The part of a glacier characterized by snow accumulation and ice formation. The outer limit of this zone is the snowline
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zone of wastage
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Below the snowline where there is a net loss to the glacier as all of the snow from the previous winter melts as well as glacial ice.
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