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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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John Jacob Astor (1763-1848)
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American fur trader and finacier, he founded the fur-trading post of Astoria and the American Fur Company
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mountain men
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men hired by eastern companies to trap animals for fur in the Rocky Mountains and other western regions of the United States; Jedediah Smith, Jim Bridger, Manuel Lisa, Jim Beckwourth
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Oregon Trail
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2,000-mile trail stretching through the Great Plains from western Missouri to the Oregon Territory. The trail followed the Platte and Sweetwater Rivers over the Plains. It crossed the Rocky Mountains and forked. The northen branch led to the Willamette Valley in Oregon. The southern branch went to California and became known as the California Trail.
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Santa Fe Trail
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important trade trail west from Independence, Missouri, to Santa Fe, New Mexico
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Mormons
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member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. These settlers traveled to the west in search of religious freedom.
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Brigham Young (1801-1877)
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American religious leader, who headed the Mormon Church after the murder of Joseph Smith, he moved the community to Utah, leading thousands along what came to be known as the Mormon Trail to the main settlement at the Salt Lake City
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Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla (1753-1811)
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Mexican priest and revolutionist, he led a revellion of about 80,000 impoverished Indians and mestizos against Spain in the hope of improving living conditions; though defeated, the rebellion eventually grew and helped lead to Mexican independence
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empresarios
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agents who were contracted by the Mexican republic to bring settlers to Texas in the early 1800s
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Stephan F. Austin (1793-1836)
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American colonizer in Texas, he was imprisoned for urging Texas statehood after Santa Anna suspended Mexico's constitution. After helping Texas win independence from Mexico, he became secretary of state for the Texas Republic
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Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna (1794-1876)
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Mexican general and politician, he was president of Mexico and became a dictator. He fought in the Texas Revolution and seized the Alamo, but was defeated and captured by Sam houston at San Jacinto.
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Alamo
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Spanich mission in San Antonio, Texas, that was the sicte of a famous battle of the Texas Revolution in 1836
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Battle of San Jacinto (1836)
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final battle of the Texas Revolution; resulted in the defeat of the Mexican army and independence for Texas
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manifest destiny
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belief shared by many Americans in the mid-1800s that the United States should expand across the continent to the Pacific Ocean
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James K. Polk (1795-1849)
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eleventh president of the United States, he settled the Oregon boundary with Great Britain and successfully condected the Mexican-American War
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vaqueros
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Mexican cowboys in the Wext who tended to cattle and horses
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Californos
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Spanish colonists in California in the 1800s
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Bear Flag Revolt (1846)
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revolt aginst Mexico by American settlers in California who declared the territory an independent republic
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)
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treaty that ended the Mexican war and gave the United States much of Mexico's northern territory
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Gadsden Purchase (1853)
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U.S. purchase of land from Mexico that included the southern parts of present-day Arizona and New Mexico
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John Sutter (1803-1880)
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American pioneer who built Sutter's Fort, a trading post on the California frontier; gold was discovered, leading to the California gold rush
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Donner party
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group of western travelers who were stranded in the Sierra Nevada during the winter of 1846-47; only 45 of the party's 87 members survived
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forty-niners
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gold-seeker who moved to California during the gold rush
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prospect
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to search for gold
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placer miners
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person who mines for gold by using pans or other devices to wash gold nuggets out of loose rock and gravel
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