Chapter 11 Review Vocabulary For Mr. Smyth's Ap Euro Class

Front 1

Agricultural Revolution

Back 1

Change in agriculture in England that preempted the Industrial Revolution. Increased agricultural production by improving farming technique and consolidating landownership. This allowed a large section of the population to be available for employ in factories.

Front 2

Enclosure Acts

Back 2

Acts which allowed communal land to be fenced in by large landowners.

Front 3

John Kay

Back 3

Inventor of the fly shuttle.

Front 4

Richard Arkwright

Back 4

Inventor of the waterframe.

Front 5

Thomas Newcomen

Back 5

Inventor of the steam engine, later improved by James Watt.

Front 6

George Stephenson's "Rocket"

Back 6

First efficient locomotive.

Front 7

Manchester

Back 7

New industrial city created by industrial revolution.

Front 8

Unskilled Labor

Back 8

Mainly the labor employed by factory owners, the labor of women and children in place of skilled craftsmen.

Front 9

Cotton Lords

Back 9

First industrial capitalists

Front 10

Factory Act of 1802

Back 10

Law meant to regulate working conditions for women and children but was not widely enforced.

Front 11

Thomas Malthus

Back 11

Theorist on the relationship of wages and population.

Front 12

David Richardo

Back 12

Theorist on wages

Front 13

Iron Law of Wages

Back 13

The belief that workers should be paid only subsistence level wages, because if they were paid more the resulting population increase would just "eat up" the excess.

Front 14

Dismal Science

Back 14

Another term for the Iron Law of Wages and it's tenants.

Front 15

Natural Law of Business

Back 15

Belief that the market will regulate itself, opposition to government intervention.

Front 16

Manchester School of Economics or Classical Economics

Back 16

Supporters of market economies, rejected government intervention

Front 17

Romanticism

Back 17

Theory of literature and the arts. It raised questions about the nature of truth, human abilities and feelings. Placed value on the individual and love of the unclassifiable. Spurred on Gothic revival and concept of creative genius.

Front 18

Classical Liberalism

Back 18

Those who supported parliamentary government, advocated free trade and the rights of man and were generally opposed to the Church and aristocracy.

Front 19

Radicalism

Back 19

Disliked all application of the past or tradition, wanted total reconstruction of laws, courts, and other instruments of government. Leader was Jeremy Bentham

Front 20

Republicanism

Back 20

Radicalism was called militant republicanism on the Continent. Felt that French Revolution had been cut short, demanded universal male suffrage, strongly anticlerical.

Front 21

Socialism

Back 21

Republicanism can be called mild socialism. Rejected laissez-faire, thought wealth should be evenly distributed and that the current system only promoted conflict. Robert Owen can be considered an early socialist.

Front 22

Count de Saint-Simon

Back 22

First clear supporter of a planned society.

Front 23

Charles Fourier

Back 23

Believed all society should be organized into small units, supported Brooks Farm Movement.

Front 24

Louis Blanc

Back 24

Early French Socialist, supporter of the idea of social workshops.

Front 25

Feminism

Back 25

Advocates of the rights of women. Split into egalitarian feminism prominent in England that stressed the ways in which men and men were equal, and French feminism which highlighted the ways men and women were different, in that women had the special responsibility of raising children.

Front 26

John Stuart Mill

Back 26

Supporter of the rights of women, author of "The Subjection of Women".

Front 27

Carbonari

Back 27

Secret society lead by Mazzini who published his "Duties of Man" stating that duty to the state fell between that to God and one's family.

Front 28

Hegel

Back 28

Developed idea that in order for people to enjoy happiness they must have a state. The state was "the march of God throughout the world". Believed history was the unfolding of the Universal Spirit across time. Developed idea of historical dialectic.

Front 29

Historical Dialectic

Back 29

Developed by Hegel. The way in which change developed was through the thesis, antithesis, and the synthesis. The synthesis was the compromise of the thesis and antithesis and would eventually become the thesis in the next cycle.

Front 30

Friedrich List

Back 30

Author of "National System of Political Economy". He belied that each country is best suited for one type of political economy, and urged high tariffs to allow the industry of a developing country to mature before it came into competition with the rest of the world.

Front 31

Slavic Revival

Back 31

Volksgeist of the Slavic people, return to traditional culture, glorification of way of life.

Front 32

Russian Slaviophilism

Back 32

The Belief that that Russian had a way of life all it's own, developed into Pan-Slavism.

Front 33

Conservatism

Back 33

Movement to protect the power of the aristocracy, opposed representative government, supported by Edmund Burke. Monarchism also developed from same feelings.

Front 34

Humanitarianism

Back 34

Heightened concern for the suffering of others.

Front 35

White Terror

Back 35

Murder of Bonapartists and Republicans after the Louis XVIII gained French throne.

Front 36

Duke de Berry

Back 36

The nephew of Louis XVIII who was assassinated by radical liberals.

Front 37

Charles X

Back 37

French king after Louis XVIII, fervent counterrevolutionary.

Front 38

University of Vilna

Back 38

Center of polish discontent with Russian rule.

Front 39

Bund

Back 39

Loosely organized German confederation of states after Napoleonic Wars.

Front 40

Burschenschaft

Back 40

German nationalist youth movement.

Front 41

Carlsbad Decrees

Back 41

Decrees authored by Metternich that dissolve Burschenschaft.

Front 42

Corn Laws

Back 42

Laws enacted by Britain that place high import tariff on grains

Front 43

St. Peter's Field

Back 43

Site of large demonstration against British government, which demands universal male suffrage and the repeal of the Corn Laws.

Front 44

Peterloo Massacre

Back 44

Soldiers open fire on protestors at St. Peter's Field

Front 45

Six Acts

Back 45

Acts passed by British parliament that outlaw seditious literature, tax newspapers, authorize search of private homes, and restricts rights of public meetings.

Front 46

Cato Street Conspiracy

Back 46

The attempt to assassinate the British Cabinet that was caught on Cato Street in London.

Front 47

Holy Alliance

Back 47

Agreement between all major powers, but britain, to ensure Christian principles in international policy, gradually became an alliance for the suppression of revolution.

Front 48

Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle

Back 48

Great Powers agree to remove occupying troops from France and allow private bankers to take over payment of reparations.

Front 49

Congress of great Powers at Troppau

Back 49

Congress Metternich calls in hopes of putting down revolutions in Spain and Naples.

Front 50

Protocol of Troppau

Back 50

Signed by Austria, Prussia, and Russia, this agreement states that the countries have collective security against revolution.

Front 51

Alexander Ypsilanti

Back 51

Leads followers from Russia into Romania in hopes of converting Turkish empire into a Greek Empire.

Front 52

Congress of Verona

Back 52

Congress where Metternich convinces Alexander not to aid Ypsilanti.

Front 53

Simon Bolivar

Back 53

Leader of independence movement in Venezuela and Colombia.

Front 54

San Martin

Back 54

Leader of independence movement in Chile and Argentina.

Front 55

Monroe Doctrine

Back 55

United States document which states that any attempt by a European country to revert parts of Americas to colonial status will be seen as unfriendly action.

Front 56

Decembrist Revolt

Back 56

Isolated revolt in Russian lead by soldiers who support Constantine over Nicholas. Is quickly ended.

Front 57

Anglo-French-Russian Naval Intervention

Back 57

Joint intervention which prevents Greece from gaining independence.

Front 58

July Ordinances

Back 58

Ordinances issued by Charles X in response to a vote of no confidence by chamber of Deputies. States that the king has the right to dissolve thew new chamber, censor the press, and call for new elections.

Front 59

July Revolution.

Back 59

Revolution in France after release of July Ordinances. Forces the abdication of Charles X.

Front 60

Duke of New Orleans

Back 60

Man chosen to be King after abdication of Charles X, gains title Louis Philippe.

Front 61

Legitimates

Back 61

Those who want continuation of Bourbon line.

Front 62

Reform Bill of 1832.

Back 62

Highly important reform bill passed in England. The bill changes the distributions of the vote for the House of Commons, giving 143 seats to new industrial towns and granting the middle class the right to vote.

Front 63

Municipal Corporations Act

Back 63

Act in England that breaks up old monopolies and establishes uniform electoral and administrative procedures.

Front 64

Factory Act of 1833

Back 64

Forbad children under 9 to work in textile mills.

Front 65

Mine Act of 1842

Back 65

Regulated mine conditions and forbad women, girls, and boys under 10 to work in mines.

Front 66

Ten Hours Act

Back 66

Limited workday for women and children to 10 hours.

Front 67

Anti-Corn Law League

Back 67

Those who opposed the Corn Laws, many merchants and industrialists.

Front 68

Stake in Society Theory

Back 68

The belief that those who rule should have something to lose if they fail.

Front 69

Labor Market

Back 69

The idea that labor may be bought and sold like any other commodity, and that the price will fluctuate with demand.

Front 70

Poor Law of 1834

Back 70

Corrected worst problems of old poor laws but offered little solution to cyclical poverty.

Front 71

Chartists

Back 71

English socialists who also wanted Parliamentary reform.

Front 72

People's Charter

Back 72

Chartist Charter that had 6 points, the annual election of the House of Commons, Universal Male Suffrage, secret ballots, equal electoral districts, abolition of property qualifications for House of Commons, payment of salaries to members of House of Commons.