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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Personality |
An individual's characteristic style of behaving, thinking, and feeling |
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Self-Report |
A series of answers to a questionnaire that asks people to indicate the extent to which sets of statements or adjectives accurately describe their own behavior or mental state |
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Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) |
A well-researched, clinical questionnaire used to assess personality and psychological problems |
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Projective Techniques |
A standard series of ambiguous stimuli designed to elicit unique responses that reveal inner aspects of an individual's personality |
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Rorschach Inkblot Test |
A projective personality test in which individual interpretations of the meaning of a set of unstructured inkblots are analyzed to identify a respondent's inner feelings and interpret his or her personality structure |
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Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) |
A projective personality test in which respondents reveal underlying motives, concerns, and the way they see the social world through the stories they make up about ambiguous pictures of people |
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Trait |
A relatively stable disposition to behave in a particular and consistent way. |
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Big Five |
The traits of the five-factor model: Conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience, and extraversion |
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Psychodynamic Approach |
An approach that regards personality as formed by needs, strivings, and desires, largely operating outside of awareness-motives that can also produce emotional disorders |
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Id |
The part of the mind containing the drives present at birth; it is the source of our bodily needs, wants, desires, and impulses, particularly our sexual and aggressive drives |
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Ego |
The component of personality, developed through contact with the external world, that enables us to deal with life's practical demands |
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Superego |
The mental system that reflects the internalization of cultural rules, mainly learned as parents exercise their authority |
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Defense Mechanisms |
Unconscious coping mechanisms that reduce the anxiety generated by threats from unacceptable impulses |
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Rationalization |
A defense mechanism that involves supplying a reasonable-sounding explanation for unacceptable feelings and behavior to conceal (mostly oneself) one's underlying motives or feelings |
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Reaction Formation |
A defense mechanism that involves unconsciously replacing threatening inner wishes and fantasies with an exaggerated version of their opposite |
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Projection |
A defense mechanism that involves attributing one's own threatening feelings, motives, or impulses to another person or group |
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Regression |
A defense mechanism in which the ego deals with internal conflict and perceived threat by reverting to an immature behavior or earlier stage of development |
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Displacement |
A defense mechanism that involves shifting unacceptable wishes or drives to a neutral or less threatening alternative |
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Identification |
A defense mechanism that reduces feelings of threat and anxiety by enabling us unconsciously to take on the characteristics of another person who seems more powerful or better able to cope |
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Sublimation |
A defense mechanism that involves channeling unacceptable sexual or aggressive drives into socially acceptable and culturally enhancing activities |
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Psychosexual Stages |
Distinct early life stages through which personality is formed as children experience sexual pleasures from specific body areas and caregivers redirect or interfere with those pleasures |
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Oral Stage |
The first psychosexual stage, in which experience centers on the pleasures and frustrations associated with the mouth, sucking, and being fed |
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Anal Stage |
The second psychosexual stage, which is dominated by the pleasures and frustrations associated with the anus, retention and expulsion of feces and urine, and toilet training |
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Phallic Stage |
The third psychosexual stage, during which experience is dominated by the pleasure, conflict, and frustration associated with the phallic-genital region as well as coping with powerful incestuous feelings of love, hate, jealousy, and conflict |
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Oedipus Conflict |
A developmental experience in which a child's conflicting feelings toward the opposite-sex parent are (usually) resolved by identifying with the same-sex parent |
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Latency Stage |
The fourth psychosexual stage, during which the primary focus is on the further development of intellectual, creative, interpersonal, and athletic skills |
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Genital Stage |
The final psychosexual stage, a time for the coming together of the mature adult personality with a capacity to love, work, and relate to others in a mutually satisfying and reciprocal manner |
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Self-Actualizing Tendancy |
The human motive to realize our inner potential |
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Self-Actualization |
The need to be good, to be fully alive, and to find meaning in life |
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Existential Approach |
Regards personality as governed by an individual's ongoing choices and decisions in the context of the realities of life and death |
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Social Cognitive Approach |
Views personality in terms of how the person thinks about the situations encountered in daily life and behaves in response to them |
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Person-Situation Controversy |
The question of whether behavior is caused more by personality or by situational factors |
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Personal Constructs |
Dimensions people use in making sense of their experiences |
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Outcome Expectancies |
A person's assumptions about the likely consequences of a future behavior |
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Locus of Control |
A person's tendency to perceive the control of rewards as internal to the self or external in the environment |
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Self-Concept |
A person's explicit knowledge of his or her own behaviors, traits, and other personal characteristics |
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Self-Verification |
The tendency to seek evidence to confirm the self-concept |
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Self-Esteem |
The extent to which and individual likes, values, and accepts the self |
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Self-Serving Bias |
People's tendency to take credit for their successes but downplay responsibility for their failures |
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Narcissism |
A trait that reflects a grandiose view of the self combined with a tendency to seek admiration from and exploit others |
