Chapter 11: Nervous System (Part C)

Front 1

What is a presynaptic neuron?

Back 1

conducts impulses toward the synapse

Front 2

NAME
conducts impulses toward the synapse

Back 2

presynaptic neuron

Front 3

What is a postsynaptic neuron?

Back 3

transmits impulses away from the synapse

Front 4

NAME
transmits impulses away from the syanpse

Back 4

postsynaptic neuron

Front 5

What is the differ btwn the from presynaptic neuron and postsynaptic neuron?

Back 5

(1)presynaptic neuron-conducts impulses toward the synapse (2)postsynapctic neuron-transmits impulses away from the syanpse

Front 6

What are two main types of synapses?

Back 6

(1)axodentric (2)axosomatic

Front 7

NAME
exs include axodentric, axosomatic, axoaxonic, dendrodendritic, and dendrosomatic

Back 7

synapses

Front 8

What are axodentric?

Back 8

are synapses btwn axon of one neuron and the denddrite of another

Front 9

NAME
are synapes btwn axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another

Back 9

axodentric

Front 10

What are axosomatic?

Back 10

are synapses btwn the axon of one neuron and the soma of another

Front 11

NAME
are synapses btwn the axon of one neuron and the some of another

Back 11

axosomatic

Front 12

What are axoaxonic?

Back 12

synapses from axon to axon

Front 13

NAME
synapses from axon to axon

Back 13

axoaxonic

Front 14

What are dendrodentric?

Back 14

are synapses from dendrite to dendrite

Front 15

NAME
are synapses from dendrite to dendrite

Back 15

dendrodendritic

Front 16

What are dendrsomatic?

Back 16

synapses from dendrites to soma

Front 17

NAME
are synapses from dendrites to soma

Back 17

dendrosomatic

Front 18

Which is more common, eletrical impulses or chemical impulses?

Back 18

eletrical impulses

Front 19

NAME
these are the most common impulses

Back 19

eletrical

Front 20

NAME
correspond to gap junctions found in other cell types

Back 20

eletrical syanpses

Front 21

Eltrical syanpses correspond to (1) found in other cell types

Back 21

eletrical synapses

Front 22

How are eletrical synapses important to the CNS? (4)

Back 22

(1)arousal from sleep (2)mental attention (2)emotions and memory (3)ion and water homoeostasis

Front 23

NAME
are important in the CNS for arousal from sleep, mental attention, emotions and memory, and ion and water homeostasis

Back 23

eletrical syanpses

Front 24

What are chemical synapses?

Back 24

are speacilized for the release and reception of neurotransmitters

Front 25

NAME
are speacilized for the release and reception of neurotransmitters

Back 25

chemical synapses

Front 26

What are the two parts of chemical synapses?

Back 26

(1)axonal terminal of the presynaptic neurons (2)receptor region on the denrites of soma of the postsynaptic neuron

Front 27

NAME
its two parts are the axonal terminal of the presynaptic neurons and the receptor region on the denrites of soma of the postsynaptic neuron

Back 27

chemical synapses

Front 28

NAME
contain synaptic vesicles

Back 28

axonal terminal of the presynaptic neuron

Front 29

Axonal terminal of the presynaptic neuron contain (1)

Back 29

synaptic vesicles

Front 30

What is the synaptic cleft?

Back 30

is a fluid filled space separating the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons

Front 31

NAME
is a fluid space separating the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons

Back 31

synaptic cleft

Front 32

Synaptic cleft prevent (1)

Back 32

nerve impulses from directly passing from one neuron to the enxt

Front 33

NAME
prevents nerve impulses from directly passing from one neuron to the next

Back 33

synaptic cleft

Front 34

Transmissions across the synaptic cleft are (1)

Back 34

chemical event and ensures unidirectional communication btwn neurons

Front 35

NAME
is a chemical event and ensures unidirectional communication btwn neurons

Back 35

transmissions across the synaptic clefts

Front 36

(1) reach the axonal terminal of the presynaptic neuron and open Ca channels

Back 36

nerve impulses

Front 37

What happens once nerve impulses reach the axonal terminal of the presynaptic neuron?

Back 37

open Na channels

Front 38

Once nerve impulses reach (1)and open Ca 2+ channels

Back 38

the axonal terminal of the presynaptic neuron

Front 39

Neurontranmitter is released into the (1) via (2) in response to synaptotagmin

Back 39

synaptic cleft (2)exoctocysis

Front 40

(1) is realeased into the synaptic cleft exoctyosis in repsonse to synaptotgamin

Back 40

neurotransmitter

Front 41

Neurotransmitters cross the syanptic cleft and binds to (1)

Back 41

receptors on the postsynaptic neuron

Front 42

(1) changes causing an exictary or inhibitory effect

Back 42

postsynaptic membrane permeability

Front 43

Postsynaptic membrane permeability changes causing an (1)

Back 43

an exicitary or inhibitory efffect

Front 44

How is info transfered across the synaptic cleft? (4)

Back 44

(1)nerve impulses reach the axonal terminal of the presynaptic neuron and open Ca2+ channels (2)neurotransmitters is released into the synaptic cleft via excotytosis in response to synaptogmin (3)neurotransmitter crosses the snyaptic cleft and binds to receptors on the postsynaptic neurons (4)postsynaptic membrane permeability changes causing an exictory effect

Front 45

What happens when a neurotransmitter is bound to a postsynaptic neuron? (3)

Back 45

(1)produce a continous postsynaptic effect (2)blocks reception of additional "messages" (3)must be removed from its receptors

Front 46

NAME
produces a continous postsynaptic effect

Back 46

neurotransmitter bound to a postsynaptic neuron

Front 47

NAME
block a reception of additional "messages"

Back 47

neurotransmitter bound to a postsynaptic neuron

Front 48

NAME
must be removed from its receptor

Back 48

neurotransmitter bound to a postsynaptic neuron

Front 49

When does the removal of a neurotransmitter ocur? (3)

Back 49

if they are (1)degraded by an enzyme (2)are reabsorbed by asctrocytes or the presynaptic terminals (3)diffuse from the synaptic cleft

Front 50

If a neurotransmitter is degradd by an eznyme, it has been (1)

Back 50

removed

Front 51

if a neurotransmitter is reabsorbed by astrocytes or presynaptic terminals, it has been (1)

Back 51

removed

Front 52

if a neurotransmitter diffuses from the synaptic cleft, then it has been (1)

Back 52

removed

Front 53

What is synaptic delay?

Back 53

is the rate limiting step of neural transmission

Front 54

NAME
is the rate limiting step of neural transmission

Back 54

synaptic delay

Front 55

Neurotransmitters must be (1), (2), and (3)

Back 55

be realased, diffuse across the synapse, and bind to receptors

Front 56

How do neurotransmitter receptors mediate changes in membrane potenital? (2)

Back 56

(1)the amount of neurotransmitter released (2)the amount of time the neurotransmitter is bound to the receptors

Front 57

What are two types of postsynaptic potenitals?

Back 57

(1)EPSP (2)IPSP

Front 58

What does EPSP stand for?

Back 58

excitary postsynaptic potentials

Front 59

What does IPSP stand for?

Back 59

inhibitory postsynaptic potenitals

Front 60

NAME
there are two types EPSP, and IPSP

Back 60

postsynaptic potenitals

Front 61

What are ESPS?

Back 61

are graded potentials that can iniate an action potenital in an axon

Front 62

NAME
are graded potenitals that can iniate an action potenitals an axon

Back 62

EPSPs

Front 63

NAME
use only chemically gated channels

Back 63

EPSP

Front 64

NAME
Na and K flow in oppostie directions at the same time

Back 64

EPSP

Front 65

For EPSP, Na and K flow in (1)

Back 65

opposite directions

Front 66

EPSP use only (1)

Back 66

chemcially gated channels

Front 67

Do postsynaptic membranes generate action potenitals?

Back 67

no

Front 68

T or F
postsynaptic membranes do generate action potentials

Back 68

false

Front 69

What can happen when a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor at inhibitory synapses? (3)

Back 69

(1)causes the membrane to become more pemeable to K and Cl ions (2)leaves the charge of the inner surface negative (3)reduces the postsynaptic neuron's ability to produce an action potenital

Front 70

NAME
causes the membrane to become more permeable to K and Cl ions

Back 70

the binding of a neurotransmitter to a receptor at inhibitoy synapses

Front 71

NAME
leaves a charge on the inner surface negative

Back 71

the binding of a neurotransmitter to a receptor at inhibitoy synapses

Front 72

NAME
reduces the postsynaptic neuron's ability to produce an action potenital

Back 72

the binding of a neurotransmitter to a receptor at inhibitoy synapses

Front 73

can a single EPSP induce an action potenital?

Back 73

no

Front 74

T or F
a single EPSP can induce a action potenital

Back 74

false

Front 75

How must EPSP's generate action potenital?

Back 75

must summate temporally or spatially

Front 76

What is temporal summation?

Back 76

presynaptic neurons transmit impulses in a rapid fire order

Front 77

NAME
is when presynaptic neurons transmit impulses in a rapid fire order

Back 77

temporal summation