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225 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
NAME
is the master controling and communicating system of the body |
nervous system
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What are the functions of the nervous system? (3)
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(1)sensory input (2)integration (3) motor output
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NAME
functions in sensory input, integration, and motor output |
nervous system
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What does sensory input mean?
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monitoring stimuli occuring inside and outside of the body
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NAME
monitoring stimul occuring inside and outside of the body |
sensory input
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What is integration?
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is the interpretion of sensory input
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NAME
is the interpreation of sensory input |
integration
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What is motor output?
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response to stimuli by activating effector organs
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NAME
is response to stimuli by activating effector organs |
motor output
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Describe the process the of the nervous system if u want to drink a glass of water? (3)
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(1)sensory input (2)integration (3)motor output
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What does CNS stand for?
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central nervous system
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What are the parts of the CNS?
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(1)brain and spinal cord
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NAME
is the integration and command center |
CNS
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What is the CNS?
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is the integration and command center
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NAME
includes the brain and spinal cord |
CNS
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What does PNS stand For?
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peripheral nervous system
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What is the PNS?
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carries messages to and from the spinal cord and brain
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NAME
carries messages to and from the spinal cord and brain |
PNS
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What are the parts of the PNS?
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paired spinal and cranial nerves
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NAME
includes paired spinal and cranial nerves |
PNS
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What are the two functional divisions of the PNS?
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(1)sensory division (2)motor divison
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NAME
the two parts of this system are the sensory division and the motor division |
PNS
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Sensory division can also be called (1)
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afferent
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(1) can also be called afferent
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Sensory division
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Motor division can also be called (1)
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efferent
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(1) can also be called efferent
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motor divsion
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What fibers make up the sensory division? (2)
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(1)sensory afferent fibers (2)viscreal afferent fibers
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NAME
this division of the PNS is made up of sensory afferent fibers and viscreal affrent fibers |
sensory division
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What are sensery afferent fibers/
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carry impulses from the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints to the brain
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NAME
carry impulses from the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints to the brain |
sensory afferent fibers
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What are visceral afferent fibers?
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transmit impulses from visceral organs to the brain
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NAME
transmit impulses from the visceral organs to the brain |
visceral afferent fibers
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What is the motor divsion?
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transmits impulses from the CNS to effector organs
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NAME
transmits impulses from the CNS to effector ograns |
motor division
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What are two divisions of the motor divison?
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(1)somatic nervous system (2)ANS
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What does ANS stand for?
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autonomic nervous system
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NAME
is divided into the somatic nervous system and the ANS |
motor division
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What is the somatic nervous system?
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conscious control of skeletal muscles
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NAME
is resonsible for the conscious control of skeletal muscles |
somatic nerves system
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What is the ANS?
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regulates smooth, cardiac muscle, and glands
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NAME
regulates smooth, cardiac muscle, and glands |
ANS
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What are the divsions of the ANS? (2)
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(1)sympathetic (2)parasympathetic
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NAME
the divisons of this divison are sympathetic, and parasympathetic |
ANS
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What are two prinicipl types of cells in the nervous system? (2)
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(1)neurons (2)supporting cells
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What are nuerons?
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exictable cells that transmit electrical signals
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NAME
are exictable cells that transmit electrical singals |
neurons
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What are supporting cells?
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are cells that surround and wrap neurons
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NAME
are cells that surround and wrap neurons |
supporting cells
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Supporting cells can also be called (1) or (2)
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neuroglia or gila cells
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(1) cells can also be called neurogila or gila cells
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supporting cells
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What are the functions of supporting cells? (4)
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(1)provide a supportive scaffolding for nuerons (2)segregate and insulate neurons (3)guide young nuerons to the proper connection (4)promote health and growth
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NAME
this cell provides a supportive scaffolding for neurons |
supporting cells
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NAME
segregate and insulate neurons |
supporting cells
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NAME
guide young neurons to the proper connections |
supporting cells
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NAME
promote health and growth |
supporting cells
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What are neurogila?
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are supporting cells
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NAME
are supporting cells |
neurogila
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What are astrocytes?
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are the most abundant, versatile, and highly branched glial cells
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NAME
are the most abundant, versatile, and highly branched glial cells |
astrocytes
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What are visceral afferent fibers?
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transmit impulses from visceral organs to the brain
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NAME
transmit impulses from the visceral organs to the brain |
visceral afferent fibers
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What is the motor divsion?
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transmits impulses from the CNS to effector organs
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NAME
transmits impulses from the CNS to effector ograns |
motor division
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What are two divisions of the motor divison?
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(1)somatic nervous system (2)ANS
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What does ANS stand for?
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autonomic nervous system
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NAME
is divided into the somatic nervous system and the ANS |
motor division
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What is the somatic nervous system?
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conscious control of skeletal muscles
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NAME
is resonsible for the conscious control of skeletal muscles |
somatic nerves system
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What is the ANS?
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regulates smooth, cardiac muscle, and glands
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NAME
regulates smooth, cardiac muscle, and glands |
ANS
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What are the divsions of the ANS? (2)
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(1)sympathetic (2)parasympathetic
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NAME
the divisons of this divison are sympathetic, and parasympathetic |
ANS
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What are two prinicipl types of cells in the nervous system? (2)
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(1)neurons (2)supporting cells
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What are neurons?
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are exictable cells that transmit electrical singals
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NAME
are exictable cells that transmit electrical singals |
neurons
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What are supporting cells?
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cells that surround and wrap around nuerons
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NAME
are cells that surround and wrap around neurons |
supporting cells
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What are the functions of neurogila? (3)
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(1)provide a supportive scaffolding for neurons (2)segregate and insulate neurons (3)guide young neurons to the proper connections (4)promote health and growth
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NAME NEURON
provides a supportive scaffolding the neuron |
neurogila
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NAME NEURON
segregate and insulates neurons |
neurogila
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NAME NEURON
guide young nuerons to the proper connections |
Neurogila
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NAME NEURON
promote health and growth |
Neurogila
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What are neurogila?
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supporting cells
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NAME
are supporting cells |
neurogila
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(1) can be called neurogila or glial cells
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supporting cells
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supporting cells can be called (1) or (2)
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(1)neurogila (2)glial cells
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What are astrocytes?
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they cling to nuerons and thier synaptic endings, and cover capillaries
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NAME
they cling to neurons and thier synaptic endings, and cover the capillaries |
astrocytes
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NAME
are the most abundant, verstaile, and highly branched glial cells |
astrocytes
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Astrocytes are the most, (1) of (2)
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(1)abundant, verstaile, and highly branched (2)glial cells
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What are the functions of astrocytes?
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support and brace the neurons (2)achor the neurons to thier nutrient supplies (3)guide migration of young neurons (4)control the chemical environment
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(4)
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NAME CELL
support and brace neurons |
astrocytes
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NAME CELL
anchor the neurons to thier nutrient supply |
astrocytes
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NAME CELL
guide migration of young neurons and control the chemical environment |
astrocytes
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What are microgila?
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are phagocytes that monitor the health of nuerons
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NAME
are phagocytes that monitor the health of neurons |
microgila
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What are ependymal cells?
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they line the central cavities of the brain and spinal column
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NAME
they line the central cavites of the brain and spinal column |
ependymal cells
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Describe the shape/structure of microgila?
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are small ovoid cells w spiny processes
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NAME
are small, ovoid cells w spiny processes |
microgila
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Describe the shape of ependymal cells?
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range in shape from sqaumous to columnar
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What are oligodendrocytes?
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are branched cells that wrap CNS nerve fibers
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NAME
are branched cells that wrap CNS nerve fibers |
oligodendrocytes
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What are schawnn cells?
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surround fibers of the PNS
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NAME
surround fibers of the PNS |
Schwann cells
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What are satellite cells?
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surround neurons cell bodies w gangila
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NAME
surround neurons cell bodies w gangila |
satellite cells
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What are the structural units of the nervous system? (3)
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(1)body (2)axon (3)dendrites
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NAME
is made up of body, axon, and dendrites |
nervous system
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Describe the live of the nervous system?
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is long-lived amitioitic and has a high metabolic rate
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NAME
is long lived amitiotic and has a high metabolic rate |
nervous system
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there is (1)singaling during devlopment
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cell to cell
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What plasma membrane function in nuerons is (2)
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(1)electrical singaling (2)cell to cell singaling during devlopment
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a Neurons (1) functions in electrical signaling and cell to cell signaling during development
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plasma membrane
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The nerve cell body contains the (1) and (2)
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(1)nucleus (2)nucleolus
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NAME
contains the nucleus and the nucelolus |
nerve cell body
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NAME
is the major biosynethic center |
nerve cell body
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the nerve cell body is the major (1)
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biosynthetic center
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What is the focal point for the outgrowth of nueral processes?
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the nerve cell body
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NAME
is the focal point for the outgrowth of neural processes |
the nerve cell body
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The nerve cell body is the focal point for the (1)
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outgrowth of neural processes
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Does the nerve cell body have centrioles?
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no
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T or F
the nerve cell body have centrioles |
false
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NAME
has no centrioles |
the nerve cell body
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NAME
contains a axon hilcok |
the nerve cell body
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The nerve cell body also contain a (1)
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axon hilcok
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What is a axon hilcok?
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is a cone shaped area from which axons arise
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NAME
is a cone shaped area from which axons arise |
axon hilcok
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What are processes?
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are armlike extensions from the soma
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NAME
are armlike extensions from the soma |
processes
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What are the processes called in the CNS?
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tracts
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NAME
are called tracts in the CNS |
processes
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NAME
are called nerves in the PNS |
processes
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What are the processes called the PNS?
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nerves
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What are the two different types of processes?
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(1)axons (2)dendrites
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Describe dendrites?
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are short, tappering, and diffusely branched processes
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NAME
are short tappering, and diffusely branched processes |
dendrites
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What are dendrites?
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they are receptive, or input, regions of the neuron
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NAME
are receptive, or input regions of the neuron |
dendrites
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NAME
in dendrties, electrical singals are conveyed as (1) |
graded poteintals
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long axons are called (1)
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nerve fibers
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What are nerve fibers?
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are long axons
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What are axons?
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are slender processes of uniform diamter arising from the hilock
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NAME
are slender processes a of uniform diamter arising from the hilock |
axons
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T or F
usally there is only one unbranched axon per neuron |
true
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Usally there is (1) unbranched axon per nueron
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only one
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Are are axon collaterals common?
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no
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What are axon colletrals?
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are rare branches of axons
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NAME
are rare branches of axons |
axon colletrals
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What is a axonal terminal?
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are branched terminus of an axon
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NAME
are branched terminus of an axon |
axonal terminal
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What are the functions of axons? (2)
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(1)generate and transmit action potentials (2)secrete neurotransmitters from the axonal terminals
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NAME
generate and transmit action potenitals |
axons
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NAME
secrete neurotransmitters from the axonal terminals |
axons
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What are two types of movement along the axon?
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(1)anterograde (2)retrograde
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What is anterograde?
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movement toward the axonal terminal
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NAME
is movement toward the axonal terminal |
anterograde
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What is retrograde?
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is movement away from the axonal terminal
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NAME
is movement away from the axonal terminal |
retrograde
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What is the myelin sheath?
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is whittsh, fatty segmented sheath around most long axons
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NAME
is whittish, fatty segmented sheath around most long axons |
myelin sheaths
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What are the functions of myelin sheaths? (3)
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protect the axon (2)eletrically insulate fibers from one another (3)increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission
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NAME
protects the axon |
myelin sheath
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NAME
electrically insulate fibers from one another |
myelin sheath
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NAME
increase the speed of nerve impulses transmission |
myelin sheath
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How are the myelin sheath and the neurilemma formed?
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by the schawann cells in the PNS
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(1) and (2) are formed by the schawann cells in the PNS
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myelin sheath
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What are three things that a schwann cell does? (3)
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(1)envelopes an axon through a trough (2)encoles the axon w its plasma membrane, (3)has concentric layers of membrane that make up the myelin sheath
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NAME
this cell will envelopes an axon in a trough, enclose the axon w its plasma membrane, and has concentric layers of membrane that make up the myelin sheath |
schwann cells
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NAME
has concentric layers of membrane that make up the myelin sheath |
schwann cells
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What are neurilemma?
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are the remaining nucleus and cytplasm of a schwann cell
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NAME
are the ramaining nucleus of cytoplasm of a schwann cell |
neurilemma
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Neurofibral Nodes are nodes of (1)
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ranvier
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NAME
are nodes of the ranvier |
neurofibral nodes
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What are neurofibral nodes?
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are gaps in myelin sheath btwn adjacent schwann cells
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NAME
are gaps in myelin sheath btwn adjacent schwann cells |
neurofibral nodes
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Neurofibral nodes are the site where (1)
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axon collaterals can emerge
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NAME
are sites where axon collateral can emerge |
neurofibral nodes
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What are unmyelinated axons?
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a schwann cell surrounds nerve fibers but coiling does not take place
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NAME
a schwann cell surrounds nerve fibers but coiling does not take place |
unmyelinated axons
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(1) paritally enclose 15 or more axons
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schwann cells
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what kinds of fibers does the CNS have? (2)
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myelinated and unmyelinated fibers
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How are myelin sheaths formed in teh CNS?
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by oligodendrocytes
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NAME
in the CNS, this is formed by oligodendrocytes |
myelin sheaths
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NAME
nodes of Ranvier are wide spread and there is no nuerilemma |
axons of the CNS
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Axons of the CNS, do they have nuerilemma?
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no
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What are two regions of the brain and spinal cord?
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(1)gray matter (2)white matter
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What is white matter?
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is a dense collection of mylinated fibers
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NAME
is a dense collection of myelinated fibers |
white matter
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What are gray matter?
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are mostly soma and unmyelinated fibers
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NAME
are mostly soma and unmyelinated fibers |
gray matter
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What are the different kinds of neurons based on strucutre? (3)
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(1)multipolar (2)bipolar (3)unipolar
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What are the different kinds of neurons based on function?(3)
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sensory (2)motor (3)interneurons
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NAME
include sensory, motor, and interneuron |
functional nuerons
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NAME
include multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar |
structural nuerons
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What are sensory?
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transmit impulses toward the CNS
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NAME
transmit impulses toward the CNS |
sensory
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NAME
carry impulses away from the CNS |
motor
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What are motor?
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carry impulses away from the CNS
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What are interneurons?
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are shuttle singals through CNS pathways
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NAME
are shuttle singals through CNS pathways |
interneurons
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Internuerons are also called (1)
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association nuerons
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(1) are also called association nuerons
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interneurons
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(1) are also called efferent
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motor
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Motor are also called (1)
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efferent
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(1) are also called sensory
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afferent
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Sensory are also called (1)
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afferent
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NAME
are highly irritable |
neurons
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Nuerons are highly (1)
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irritable
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What are action potiental or nerve impulses?
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(1)eletrical impulses carried along the length of axons nervous system
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NAME
are eletrical impulses carried along the length of axons |
action potentials
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NAME
are always the same regardless of stimulus |
action potential
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T or F
action potential or nerve impulses are the same regardless of stimulus |
true
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NAME
are the underlying functional feature of the nervous system |
action potentials
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What is voltage?
|
is the measure of the potential energy generated by separted charge
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NAME
is the measure of the potential energy generated by separted charge |
voltage
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What is potenital difference?
|
is the voltage measured btwn two points
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NAME
is the voltage measured btwn two points |
potential difference
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V =
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voltage
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What is current?
|
is the flow of eletrical charge btwn two points
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NAME
is the flow of eletrical charge btwn two points |
current
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I=
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current
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Draw how the nervous system is divided up
|
Nervous
PNS CNS Sensory Motor ANS Somatic NS Parasympathic parasympathic |
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What is the difference btwn motor and sensory ?
|
(1)sensory- transmits impulses toward CNS (2)motor= carrys impulses away from the CNS
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What is the difference btwn Schawenn cells and satellite cells? (2)
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(1)schawenn cells -surround fibers in the PNS (2)satellite cells- surround neurons cell bodies w gangilla
|
|