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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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chemical synapse
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use neurotransmitters to open and close ion channels in the membrane
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Satellite Cells
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• surround neuron cell bodies
• clean up chemical environment |
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oligodendrocytes
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• produce myelin sheaths
• most common of all neuroglial cells |
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Ependymal cells
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• line the cental cavities of brain and spinal cord
• help to creat and circulate cerebrospinal fluid |
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Microglia
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• help maintain health of neurons
• phagocytic macrophages |
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Astrocytes
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•support and brace neurons
•anchor to blood capillaries •clean up the chemical environment •part of blood-brain carriers |
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Anaxonic
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•many dendrites
•no axons |
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Unipolar
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• single short process T like division
• sensory neurons |
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Bipolar
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• 2 processes
• axon and dendrite • found in sense organs |
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Multipolar
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3+ processes
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Neurons
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•conduct messages throughout the body
• extreme longevity • amiotic • high metabolic rate |
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Parasympathetic Division
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•slows down all prgans except digestive and urinary systems (speeds up)
• REST & DIGEST •Preganglionic- long (1st) wall of organ • Post ganglionic- very short (2nd) major organ |
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somatic system
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somatic motor nerve fibers control skeletal muscle
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Hyperpolarization
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membrane potential increases becoming more negative than the resting potential
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Depolarization
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•reduction in membrane potential
vinside of membrane becomes less negative than resting potential |
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Membrane potential
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a difference in charge across the membrane of the cell
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Electrochemical gradient
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differences in concentration gated and voltage gated channels maintain this
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Resistaance
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hinderance to flow of charge
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Current
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flow of electrical charge
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Voltage
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•measure of potential energy generated by separate charge
•unit=volt |
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Interneurons/ association
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•lie between motor and sensory neurons
•shuttle signals through the CNS •located in CNS |
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Motor/ efferent
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•carrying impulses away from CNS
•located in PNS |
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Sensory/ afferent
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•transmits messages from sensory receptors to the CNS
•majority are unipolar •located in PNS |
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gray matter
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nerve cell bodie and unmyelinated fibers
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white matter
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myelinated fibers
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nerves
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bundles of neuron processes in the PNS
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Tracts
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bundles of neuron processes in the CNS
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Synapse
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a junction where info is transferred from neuron to neuron to effector cell
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Continuous Conduction
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•unmyelinated axons
• slow conduction |
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Salatory Conduction
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•myelinated axons
•electical signal jumps from node to node causing faster conduction |
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EPSP
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•occurs when the trigger zone adds up all the electrical charges and is a positive number
•may cause an AP if threshold is exceeded •If threshold is not met, AP is aborted |
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ANS
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•controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands (involuntary)
•dual innervention of major organs |
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sensory/ afferent division
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transmits info gathered from somatic afferent fibers and visceral afferent fibers
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Sympathetic Division
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•speeds up all organs except digestive and urinary systems (slow down)
•FIGHT OR FLIGHT •Preganglionic neuron- short (1st) sympathetic trunk •Postganglionic Neuron- very long (2nd) major organ |
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Schwann Cell
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•form myelin sheaths around large nerve fibers in PNS
•vital to nerve fiber recognition |
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nuclei
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clusters of cell bodies in the CNS
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ganglia
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clusters of cell bodies in the PNS
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Electrical Synapse
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•less common, yet rapid
•cells are concentrated to protein channels that allow current carrying ions to pass |
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motor/ efferent division
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transmits info from the CNS to effector organs, muscles, and glands
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IPSP
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•occurs when the trigger zone adds up all the electrical charges between pre and post synaptic neurons and is a negative number
•hyperpolarizes the cell |
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CNS
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brain, spinal cord
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