Chapter 11 Motivation & Emotion

Front 1

Describe the James-Lange theory about the source of emotion

-Give example

Back 1

Emotions are created by awareness of specific patterns of peripheral (autonomic) responses
*Anger is associated w/ increased blood flow in the hands & feet; fear is associated w/ decreased blood flow in these areas

Front 2

Describe the Cannon-Bard theory about the source of emotion & give an example

Back 2

the brain generates direct experiences of emotion

Stimulation of certain brain areas can create pleasant or unpleasant emotions

Front 3

Describe the Cognitive (Schacter-Singer and Lazarus) theory about the source of emotion & give an example

Back 3

Cognitive interpretation of events, & physiological reactions to them, shapes emotional experiences

ex. Autonomi arousal can be experienced as anxiety or excitement, depending on how it is labeled . A single event can lead to different emotions, depending on whether it is perceived as threatening or challenging

Front 4

Describe the James-Lange theory about the source of emotion

-Give example

Back 4

Emotions are created by awareness of specific patterns of peripheral (autonomic) responses
*Anger is associated w/ increased blood flow in the hands & feet; fear is associated w/ decreased blood flow in these areas

Front 5

Describe the Cannon-Bard theory about the source of emotion & give an example

Back 5

the brain generates direct experiences of emotion

Stimulation of certain brain areas can create pleasant or unpleasant emotions

Front 6

Describe the Cognitive (Schacter-Singer and Lazarus) theory about the source of emotion & give an example

Back 6

Cognitive interpretation of events, & physiological reactions to them, shapes emotional experiences

ex. Autonomi arousal can be experienced as anxiety or excitement, depending on how it is labeled . A single event can lead to different emotions, depending on whether it is perceived as threatening or challenging

Front 7

What are some typical cognitive stress responses?

Back 7

Reductions in the ability to concentrate, to think clearly, or to remember accurately

Front 8

Ruminative thinking

Back 8

the recurring intrusion of thoughts about stressful events

Front 9

Catastrophizing

Back 9

dwelling on & overemphasizing the potential consequences of negative events

Front 10

psychobiological models

Back 10

emphasize the importance of psychological, as well as biological, variables in regulating & producing stress responses

Front 11

diseases of adaptation

Back 11

illnesses that are caused or worsened by stressors

Front 12

People under stress are more likely to cling to _______ _____, which are well learned, but not always efficient, approaches to problems.

Back 12

mental sets

Front 13

Functional fixedness

Give an example

Back 13

the tendency to use objects for only one purpose
*Can be intensified by stress

*Victims of hotel fires, for example, sometimes die trapped in their rooms b/c in the stress of the moment it didn't occur to them to use the telephone or a piece of furniture to break a window

Front 14

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Back 14

a pattern of adverse & disruptive reactions following a traumatic & threatening event
*anxiety, depression, irritability, jumpiness, inability to concentrate or work productively, sexual disfunction, & difficulty in getting alone w/ others
*most common feature = re-experiencing the trauma through nightmares or vivid memories

Front 15

_____ stressors tend to have less impact than those that are ________

Back 15

Predictable stressors tend to have less impact than those that are unpredictable.

Front 16

Dispositional optimism

Back 16

the belief or expectation that things will work out positively