Chapter 11- Motivation And Emotion

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an inner state that energizes behavior towards the fufilliment of a goal

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MOTIVATION

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an unlarned, relatively fixed pattern of behavior that is essential to a species' survival

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INSTINCT

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the idea that n imbalance in homeostatsis creates a physiological need, which in turn produces a drive that motivates the organism to satisfy the need

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DRIVE-REDUCTION THEORY

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the tendency for organisms to keep physiological systems internally balanced by adjusting them in response to change

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HOMEOSTASIS

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a physiological state of arousal that moves an organism to meet a need

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DRIVE

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the idea that we perform best when we are at an intermediate level of arousal

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YERKES-DODSON LAW

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a theory of motivation stating that behavior is directed toward attaining desirable stimuli, called positive incentives, and avoiding undesirable stimuli, called positive incentivevs, and avoiding undesirable stimuli, called negative incentives.

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INCENTIVE THEORY

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a positive or negative environment stimulus that motivates behavior

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INCENTIVE

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motivation to engage in a behavior or an activity because one finds it interesting or enjoyable for its own sake

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INTRINSIC MOTIVATION

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motivation to engage in a behavior or an activity bcause of the exterenal rewards it can provide

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EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION

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Maslow's progression of human needs, in which those that are the most basic must be sufficiently satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become activated

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HIERARCHY NEEDS

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the ultimate goal of growth, being the realizatino of one's full potential

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SELF-ACTUALIZATION

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being full to satisfaction-in this case, with food

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SATIETY

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a level of weight that the body works to maintain

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SET POINT

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a learned preconception about how a series of events, perceived as sexual, is likely to occur

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SEXUAL SCRIPT

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forced seexual intercouse that occurs either on a date or between people who are acquainted or romantically involvd; also known as date rape

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ACQUAINTANCE RAPE

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the false belief that, deep down, women enjoy forcible sex and find it sexually exciting

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RAPE MYTH

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the four stages of sexual responding - excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution; first identified by Masters and Johnson

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SEXUAL RESPONSE CYCLE

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a male sex hormone

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TESTOSTERONE

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the degree to which a person is sexually attracted to persons of the other sex and/or to persons of the same sex

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SEXUAL ORIENTATION

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the sexual orientation in which a person is sexually attracted primarily to members of the other sex

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HETEROSEXUALITY

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the sexual orientation in which a person is sexually attracted primarily to members of the same sex

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HOMOSEXUALITY

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the sexual orientation in which a peerson is sexually attracted to members of both sexes

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BISEXUALITY

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the identity a person organizs around his or her sexual orientation

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SEXUAL IDENTITY

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a system of cultural beliefs, values and customs that exalts heterosexuality and denies, denigrates and stigmatizes any nonhterosexual form of behavior or identity

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HETEROSEXISM

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the tendency to respond to sexual cues negatively

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EROTOPHOBIA

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a desire to overcome obstacles and meet high standards of excellence

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NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT (n-Ach)

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a test in which people "project" their inner feelings and motives through the stories they make up about ambiguous pictures

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THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST (TAT)

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a positive or negative feeling state that typically includes some combinatino of physiological arousal, cognitive appraisal and behavioral expression

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EMOTION

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a machin that measures several of the physiological responses accompaniying emotion (such as respiration, heart rate, blood pressure and palm perspiration)

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POLYGRAPH

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a theory stating that emotion-provoking events induce specific physiological changes in the autonomic nervous system, which our brain automatically interprets as specific emotions

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JAMES-LANGE THEORY

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a theory that emotion-provoking events simultaneously induce both physiological responses and subjective states that are labeled as emotions

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CANNON-BARD THEORY

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a theory of emotion proposing that specific facial expressions trigger the subjective experience of specific emotions

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FACIAL FEEDBACK HYPOTHESIS

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a theory of emotion suggesting that our emotional states are sometimes determined by experiencing physiological arousal and then attaching a cognitive label to the arousal

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TWO-FACTOR THEORY

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a theory of emotion suggesting that every emotion triggerrs an opposite emotion

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OPPONENT-PROCESS THEORY

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male sexual goal

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sexual reproduction - pass on genes. sexual desire is goverened by sexual mating system

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female sexual goal

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sexual reproduction - establish and maintain strong emotional bond. sexual desire is governed by the attachment system, romantic love.

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from the movie in discussion, where was the site of a much-publicized hate crime in 1998 against a homosexual man?

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LARAMIE, WYOMMING