Chapter 11 Infection, Disease, Epidemiology

Front 1

Contact

Back 1

Interaction of microbes with humans

Front 2

Colonization

Back 2

Normal microbiota (residence in niche)

Front 3

Infection

Back 3

Multiplication of pathogenic organisms in host

Front 4

Invasion

Back 4

Penetrate host defenses in order to establish infection and disease

Front 5

Disease

Back 5

An unfavorable host response to a parasite

Front 6

Signs

Back 6

Measurable

Front 7

Symptoms

Back 7

Reported by patient

Front 8

Mortality

Back 8

Death

Front 9

Morbidity

Back 9

Illness

Front 10

Pathogen

Back 10

Any disease producing microorganisms

Front 11

Virulence

Back 11

Measure of a microorganisms ability to cause disease

Front 12

Endogenous infection

Back 12

Infection from obese normal microbiota

Front 13

Exogenous infection

Back 13

Infection from outside source

Front 14

Direct contact

Back 14

Skin, droplets, sexual, zoonoses, perinatal

Front 15

Indirect contact

Back 15

Food, water, vector, fomite

Front 16

Placenta

Back 16

Vertical transmission- toxoplasma, herpes, ZIKA,

Front 17

Acute infection

Back 17

Exposure

Prodromal systems

Fastigium

Convalescence

Front 18

Exposure & incubation period

Back 18

Time from exposure to first symptoms

Front 19

Prodromal systems

Back 19

Full expression of disease systems

Front 20

Fastigium or acme

Back 20

Disease at its height, either host wins or the organisms wins

Front 21

Convalescence

Back 21

Decline in the number of disease causing organisms

Front 22

Persistent infection

Back 22

Latent

Chronic

Front 23

Latent infection

Back 23

No replication or microbe, no symptoms, reactivates

Front 24

Chronic infection

Back 24

Slow replication, asymptomatic or not; continuous damage

Front 25

Local effects of microbes

Back 25

Boil staphylococcus- large

Front 26

Systemic or general effects

Back 26

Fever

Tachycardia

Change in metabolism

Signs of toxicity

Anemia

Change in WBC count

Development of immune response

Front 27

Primary infection

Back 27

Organisms capable of initiating disease

Front 28

Secondary infection

Back 28

Host is debilitated from primary infection

Front 29

Septicemia

Back 29

Organisms living in and growing in the blood stream

Front 30

Toxemia

Back 30

Toxin producing organisms, toxin in blood

Front 31

Communicable

Back 31

Transmitted by humans to other humans directly or indirectly

Contagious

Front 32

Non-communicable

Back 32

Not transmitted person to person

Endogenous

Exogenous

Front 33

Zoonoses

Back 33

Infection originated from animals transmitted to humans

Rabies, plague, Lyme disease, toxoplasmosis

Front 34

Endemic

Back 34

Disease constantly present in certain geographic locations

Front 35

Sporadic

Back 35

Occurs occasionally with no predictable pattern

(Lassa fever, typhoid)

Front 36

Epidemic

Back 36

Sudden outbreak of disease in which numbers increase beyond expectations (anthrax, food poisoning, influenza)

Front 37

Pandemic

Back 37

Worldwide epidemic ( influenza, TB, AIDS)

Front 38

Prevalence

Back 38

Total number of cases of an infectious disease in area

Front 39

Incidence

Back 39

Total number of new cases only of an infectious disease in area

Front 40

Passive carriers

Back 40

Medical/dental passively transmit microbes

Front 41

Asymptomatic carriers

Back 41

Carry organism with no outward signs

Front 42

Epidemiology

Back 42

Science that measures infectious diseases in populations