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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The study of changes in physiology, cognition and social behavior over the life span
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developmental psychology
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environmental agents that harm the embryo or fetus
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teratogens
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a process whereby the synaptic connections in the brain that are frequently used are preserved, and those that are not are lost
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synaptic pruning
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the time in which certain experiences must occur for normal brain development, such as exposure to visual information during infancy for the normal development of the visual pathways of the brain
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critical period
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a strong emotional connection that persists over time and accross circumstances
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attachment
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the tendency for humans to pay more attention to novel stimuli
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orienting reflex
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hypothetical cognitive structures that help us perceive, organize, process, and use information
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schemas
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the process by which a new experience is placed into an existing schema
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assimilation
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the process by which a schema is adapted or expanded to incorporate a new experience that does not easily fit into an existing schema
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accommodation
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The first stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development, during which infants aquire information about the world through their senses and respond reflexively
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sensorimotor stage
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the understanding that an object continues to exist even when it cannot be seen
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object permanence
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the second stage in piaget's theory of cognitive development, during which children think symbolically about objects, but reason is based on appearance rather than logic
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preoperational stage
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third stage in piaget's theory of cognitive development, during which children begin to think about and understand operations in ways that are reversible
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concrete operational stage
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the final stage in piaget's theory of cognitive development; it involves the ability to think abstractly and to formulate and test hyptotheses through deductive logic
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formal operational stage
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the inability to remember events from early childhood
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infantile amnesia
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a type of amnesia that occurs when a person remembers an event but cannot remember where they encountered the information
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source amnesia
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the term used to describe the ability to explain and predict other people's behavior as a result of recognizing their mental state
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theory of mind
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the tendency for childern to speak using rudimentary sentences that are missing words and grammatical markings but follow a logical syntax
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telegraphic speech
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the maturation of skills or abilities that enable people to live in a world with other people
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social development
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the transitional period between childhood and adulthood
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adolescence
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a term that refers to the culturally constructed differences between males and females
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gender
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personal beliefs about whether one is male or female
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gender identity
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the characteristics associated with men and women because of cultural influencing or learning
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gender roles
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cognitive structures that influence how people perceive the behaviors of men and women
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gender schemas
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smallest units of sound, alphabet, combinations, vowels that signal a difference in meaning between words
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phonemes
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smallest unit of meaning (ex girls *s makes plural)
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morphemes
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words arranged into meaningful words
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syntax
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how to engage in conversation
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pragmatics
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child shows distress when caregiver leaves but is glad when returns
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secure attachment
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high distress when separated; reestablishes contact with caregiver but resists their efforts to comfort
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insecure anxious/resistent attachment
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low distress when separated, ignores caregiver upon return
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insecure anxious/ avoidant
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parent-child relationship with high control and low responsiveness
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authoritarian
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parent child relationship with high control and high responsiveness
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authoritative
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ensures efficient interaction with environment (even balance of assimilation and accomodation)
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disequilibrium
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understanding that certain physical characteristics of an objects stay the same even when appearance changes
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conservation
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thinking that others perceive things the same way that you do
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egocentrism
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