Chapter 11: Flashcards

Front 1

Bobbies

Back 1

The name given to police officers in England in the 1800s; named for Sir Robert Peel, who created the first metropolitan police department in 1829. (Chapter 11)

Front 2

community era

Back 2

The era of policing from the 1970s to the present when the goals of the professional era were broadened to include not only crime control but also crime prevention and strengthened police–community relations and collaborations. (Chapter 11)

Front 3

community-oriented policing

Back 3

A policing strategy with the basic philosophy of fostering a positive working relationship between the police and the community. Also known as COP, there are many approaches to community-oriented policing, and it is currently popular in the United States. (Chapter 11)

Front 4

corruption

Back 4

Occurs when professional ethics are disregarded or when professionals engage in illegal activities. (Chapter 11)

Front 5

crime control theory

Back 5

A developmental theory of American policing suggesting that police agencies were created to address an increase in crime and disorder as informal systems of social control were perceived to become less effective. (Chapter 11)

Front 6

decentralization

Back 6

The lack of a single centralized national police force; instead, each geographic area, such as a state, city, town, or county, has its own police force. Related to federalism, this reflects the structure of American policing. (Chapter 11)

Front 7

disorder theory

Back 7

A developmental theory of American policing that suggested large-scale disruptive events and the need to suppress mob violence led to the development of police agencies. (Chapter 11)

Front 8

legalistic style

Back 8

A style of police behavior described by James Q. Wilson in which the purpose of policing is to enforce all laws with the full force of police authority in all cases. Officers operating under the legalistic style enforce all laws strictly with little exercise of discretion and measure productivity by statistics, such as number of arrests or tickets. (Chapter 11)

Front 9

misuse of authority

Back 9

Occurs when a police officer uses his or her position for some sort of personal gain. Generally viewed as a violation of police ethics. (Chapter 11)

Front 10

police

Back 10

A formal agent of social control and component of the criminal justice system responsible for law enforcement and the maintenance of order. (Chapter 11)

Front 11

political era

Back 11

The era of American policing from the 1830s to the early 1900s, in which policing was characterized by political undertones and police officers and agencies often fell under the control and influence of local politicians. The era was marked by high levels of corruption. (Chapter 11)

Front 12

problem-oriented policing

Back 12

A policing strategy designed to help the police identify and respond to the root causes of problems that lead to crime. The emphasis is on making police proactive rather than reactive through use of the SARA model. Also known as POP, it is currently a popular strategy in the United States. See also scanning, analysis, response, and assessment. (Chapter 11)

Front 13

professional era

Back 13

The era of policing from the 1930s to the 1970s focused on reform, professionalism, and removing political influence from policing. (Chapter 11)

Front 14

scanning, analysis, response, and assessment

Back 14

The four steps used in problem-oriented policing. Commonly referred to as SARA. (Chapter 11)

Front 15

service style

Back 15

A style of police behavior described by James Q. Wilson in which policing is understood to draw upon the use of discretion to determine the most appropriate response to any given situation. Officers operating under the service style view each situation in its own context and prefer to resolve problems with arrest as a last resort. (Chapter 11)

Front 16

team policing

Back 16

A policing strategy developed in Scotland in 1946 in which a team of police officers was assigned to a specific neighborhood with the responsibility for performing all police services for that neighborhood. The strategy proposed decentralizing policing by creating numerous mini-departments within a city. The strategy was attempted but never became popular in the United States. (Chapter 11)

Front 17

thin blue line

Back 17

In policing, a division between the police and the public stemming from limited contact between police and public and from an “us” versus “them” mentality sometimes held by police officers. Also associated with the solidarity that emerges among police officers. (Chapter 11)

Front 18

urban dispersion theory

Back 18

A developmental theory of American policing suggesting that the growth of cities led crime to be identified as an urban problem and that the police were necessary to ensure the stability of urban society. (Chapter 11)

Front 19

watchman style

Back 19

A style of police behavior described by James Q. Wilson in which the purpose of policing is viewed as keeping the peace and not making waves. Officers operating under the watchman style are passive and reactive. (Chapter 11)

Front 20

working personality

Back 20

Refers to the occupational culture of policing, reflecting elements of police work including danger, authority, social isolation, and solidarity. (Chapter 11)