Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
The two subdivisions of the autonomic division of the nervous system are ________. |
the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions |
A. the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions B. the preganglionic and the postganglionic divisions C. the somatic motor division and the autonomic division D. the somatic division and the voluntary division |
|
|
The adrenal medulla is important to the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system because ________. |
it is a source of catecholamines. |
A. it releases epinephrine and norepinephrine directly into a chemical synapse B. it is a source of catecholamines. C. it is a source of acetylcholine D. it is considered a modified parasympathetic ganglion |
|
|
Which division of the autonomic nervous system contains adrenergic neurons? |
Only the sympathetic division of the nervous system |
A. Only the sympathetic division of the nervous system B. Only the parasympathetic division of the nervous system C. Both divisions of the nervous system D. Neither division of the nervous system |
|
|
Which of the following statements is FALSE? |
Activation of alpha receptors opens Na+ channels in the membrane. |
A. β2 receptors are not innervated by sympathetic neurons and are more sensitive to epinephrine, delivered via the blood. B. Activation of alpha receptors opens Na+ channels in the membrane. C. β1 receptors respond well to both epinephrine and norepinephrine. D. Monoamine oxidase is the main enzyme responsible for the degradation of catecholamines. |
|
|
Which of the following statements is true? |
Some blood vessels contain alpha adrenergic receptors that cause vasoconstriction in the presence of epinephrine, whereas others have β2adrenergic receptors that cause vasodilation in the presence of epinephrine. |
A. Dual innervation is present in all visceral organs and glands; one branch enhances the function or secretion, while the other branch inhibits it. B. The chemical messenger always determines the effector response. C. The beating of the heart is regulated only by the sympathetic division. D. Some blood vessels contain alpha adrenergic receptors that cause vasoconstriction in the presence of epinephrine, whereas others have β2adrenergic receptors that cause vasodilation in the presence of epinephrine. |
|
|
If a somatic motor neuron fires an action potential, then ________. |
the response is always excitatory |
A. a smooth muscle cell is triggered to contract
B. acetylcholinesterase is the neurotransmitter released from the axon terminal C. the response is always excitatory D. norepinephrine is released from the axon terminal |
|
|
The motor end plate is ________. |
a folded area of muscle cell membrane with nicotinic ACh receptors clustered at the top of each fold |
A. the same as the neuromuscular junction B. a folded area of muscle cell membrane with nicotinic ACh receptors clustered at the top of each fold C. formed by the membrane of enlarged axon terminals or boutons that lie on the surface of skeletal muscle cells D. the same as the synaptic cleft |
|
|
Aliens on Planet X have a hormone that has a structure similar to epinephrine. Scientists are calling it X-epinephrine and would like to see if it has the same effects as epinephrine does in humans. Upon administration to humans, which of the following results would best demonstrate that X-epinephrine is an epinephrine agonist? |
The subjects' blood pressure falls. (Arterioles dilate.) |
A. The subjects' blood pressure rises. (Arterioles constrict.) B. The subjects have high blood glucose levels. (Insulin secretion is inhibited.) C. The subjects' blood pressure falls. (Arterioles dilate.) D. The subjects have trouble breathing. (Bronchioles in the lungs constrict.) |
|
|
If the scientists find that X-epinephrine causes pupil dilation, localized sweating, increased blood pressure, and high blood glucose levels in the subjects, what might they conclude about the nature of X-epinephrine? |
It behaves like norepinephrine and acts on alpha receptors. |
A. It behaves like norepinephrine and acts on alpha receptors. B. It behaves like acetylcholine and acts on muscarinic receptors. C. It behaves like glutamate and acts on AMPA receptors. D. It behaves like acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. |
|
|
If a person has a genetic disorder that caused him/her to not produce norepinephrine, which type of tissue would be affected the least? |
Skeletal muscle |
A. Skeletal muscle B. Coronary arteriole C. Afferent arteriole muscle D. Juxtaglomerular cells |
|
|
All autonomic pathways consist of two neurons in __________. The first is called _________, and it originates __________. |
series; the preganglionic neuron; in the CNS |
A. series; the postganglionic neuron; outside the CNS B. parallel; the autonomic ganglion; outside the CNS C. series; the preganglionic neuron; in the CNS D. parallel; the postganglionic neuron; in the CNS |
|
|
Most sympathetic pathways originate in the __________ of the spinal cord, whereas most parasympathetic pathways originate in the __________. |
thoracic and lumbar regions; sacral region and brain stem |
A. brain stem and lumbar region; sacral region and thoracic region B. lumbar region; thoracic region C. brain stem; sacral region D. thoracic and lumbar regions; sacral region and brain stem |
|
|
The synapse between a postganglionic autonomic neuron and its target cell is called a __________. Autonomic postganglionic axons end with a series of swollen areas called __________. |
neuroeffector junction; varicosities |
A. neuromuscular junction; chromaffin cells B. neuromuscular junction; varicosities C. neuroeffector junction; varicosities D. neuroeffector junction; chromaffin cells |
|
|
Increased parasympathetic stimulation ________. |
increases insulin secretion. |
A. dilates the pupils of the eye B. increases insulin secretion. C. dilates lung bronchioles D. increases heart rate E. causes urinary retention |
