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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Statistical Analysis |
every set of data collected needs some summary information developed that describes the numbers it contains |
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Statistical Analysis |
-Central tendency and dispersion - relationships of the sample data - hypothesis testing |
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Measures of Central Tendency |
MEAN, MEDIAN, MODE |
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Mean |
-the arithmetic average of sample -all values of a distribution of responses are summed and divided by the number of valid responses |
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Median |
-the middle value of a rank-ordered distribution
-exactly half of the responses are above and half are below the median value |
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Mode |
-the most common value in the set of responses to a question - the response most often given to a question |
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Measures of Dispersion |
RANGE, STANDARD DEVIATION, AND VARIANCE |
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Range |
the distance between the smallest and largest values in set of responses |
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Standard Deviation |
the average distance of a distribution values from the mean |
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varience |
the average squared deviation about the mean of a distribution of values |
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Charts and Other visual communications |
-help information users to quickly grasp the essence of the results developed in data analysis - can be an effective visual aid to enhance the communication process |
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Hypotheses |
ideas derived by researchers from previous research, thoery, and/or current business situation - developed prior to data collection ---- part of the research plan |
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Null Hypothesis |
based on the notion that any change from the past is due entirely to random error |
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alternative hypothesis |
states the opposite of the null hypothesis |
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sample statistics |
are usefull in making inferences regarding the population's parameter |
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population parameter |
a variable or some sort of measured characteristic of the entire population |
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considerations when choosing a statistical technique
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- number of variables - scale of measurement - parametric versus non-parametric statistic |
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Univariate statistical tests |
used to test hypothesis when the researcher wishes to test a proposition about a sample characteristic against a known or given standard |
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Bivariate statistical tests |
tests hypotheses that compare the characteristics of two groups or two variables |
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3 types of bivariate etests |
-chi-squared -t-test -analysis of variance |
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cross tabulation |
-useful for examining relationships and reporting the findings for two variables - purpose is to determine if a difference exists between the subgroups of the total sample - a frequency distribution of responses on two or more sets of variables |
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Chi- Squared analysis |
assesses how closely the observed frequencies fit the pattern of the expected frequencies |
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Chi squared analysis |
reffered to as "Goodness of fit " test |
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independent samples |
two or more groups of responses that are tested as though they may come from different populations |
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related samples |
two or more groups of responses that originated from the sample population |
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t-test |
a hypothesis that uses the "t" distribution |
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T-test |
used when the sample size is smaller than 30 and the standard diviation is unknown
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Analysis of Variance |
ANOVA |
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ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA) |
a statistical technique that determines whether three or more means are statistically different from one another |
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F-test |
the test used to statistically evaluate the differences between the group means in ANOVA |
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Follow up tests |
a test that flags the means that are statistically different from each other - conducted after ANOVA |
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perceptual mapping |
used to develop maps showing the perception of respondents |
