Chapter 11: Basic Cryptography

Front 1

Advanced Encryption Standard(AES):

Back 1

A symmetric cipher that was approved by the NIST in late 2000 as a replacement for DES

Front 2

algorithm:

Back 2

Procedures based on a mathematical formula; used to encrypt data.

Front 3

asymmetric cryptographic algorithm:

Back 3

Encryption that uses two mathematical related keys.

Front 4

block cipher:

Back 4

A cipher that manipulates an entire block of plain text at one time.

Front 5

Blowfish:

Back 5

A block cipher that operates on 64-bit blocks and can have a key length from 32 to 448 bits

Front 6

ciphertext:

Back 6

Data that has been encrypted

Front 7

cleartext:

Back 7

Unencrypted data

Front 8

cryptography:

Back 8

The science of transforming information into a secure form while it is being transmitted or stored so that unauthorized persons cannot access it.

Front 9

Data Encryption Standard(DES):

Back 9

A symmetric block cipher that uses a 56-bit key and encrypts data in 64-bit blocks.

Front 10

decryption:

Back 10

The process of changing ciphertext into plaintext

Front 11

digital signature:

Back 11

An electronic verification of the sender

Front 12

elliptic curve cryptography (ECC):

Back 12

An algorithm that uses elliptic curves instead of prime numbers to compute keys.

Front 13

encryption:

Back 13

The process of changing plaintext into ciphertext:

Front 14

GNU Privacy Guard(GPG):

Back 14

Free and open-source software that is commonly used to encrypt and decrypt e-mail messages.

Front 15

Hardware Security Module(HSM):

Back 15

A secure cryptographic processor.

Front 16

hash:

Back 16

The unique digital fingerprint created by a hashing algorithm.

Front 17

Hashed Message Authentication Code (HMAC)

Back 17

A variation of a hash that encrypts the hash with a shared secret key before transmitting it.

Front 18

hashing:

Back 18

The process for creating a unique digital fingerprint signature for a set of data.

Front 19

key:

Back 19

A mathematical value entered into the algorithm to produce cipher text.

Front 20

message Digest(MD):

Back 20

A common hash algorithm of several different versions.

Front 21

Message Digest 5 (MD5):

Back 21

A revision of MD4 that is designed to address its weaknesses.

Front 22

nonrepudiation:

Back 22

The process of proving that a user performed an action.

Front 23

NTLM(New Technology LAN Manager)hash

Back 23

A password hash for Microsoft Windows systems that is no longer recommended for use.

Front 24

NTLMv2(New Technology LAN Manger version 2)hash

Back 24

An updated version of NTLM that uses HMAC with MD5

Front 25

ont time pad:

Back 25

Using a unique truly random key to create ciphertxt

Front 26

plainttext:

Back 26

Data input into an encryption algorithm.

Front 27

Pretty good Privacy(PGP):

Back 27

A commercial product that is commonly used to encrypt e-mail messages

Front 28

private key:

Back 28

An asymmetric encryption key that does have to be protected.

Front 29

private key cryptography:

Back 29

Cryptographic algorithms that use a single key to encrypt and decrypt a message.

Front 30

public key:

Back 30

An asymmetric encryption key that does not have to be protected.

Front 31

public key cryptography:

Back 31

Encryption that uses two mathematically related keys.

Front 32

quantum cryptography:

Back 32

An asymmetric cryptography that attempts to use the unusual and unique behavior of microscopic objects to enable users to securely develop and share keys.

Front 33

RACE integrity Primitives Evaluation Message Digest(RIPEMD):

Back 33

A hash algorithm that uses two different and independent parallel chains of computation and then combines the result at the end of the process.

Front 34

RC4:

Back 34

An RC stream cipher that will accept keys up to 128 bits in length

Front 35

River Cipher(RC):

Back 35

A family of cipher algorithms designed by Ron Rivest.

Front 36

RSA

Back 36

An asymmetric algorithm published in 1977 and patented by MIT in 1983

Front 37

Secure Hash Algorithm(SHA):

Back 37

A secure hash algorithm that creates hash values of longer length than Message Digest (MD) algorithms.

Front 38

Steganography:

Back 38

Hiding the existence of data within a text, audio, image, or video file.

Front 39

Stream cipher:

Back 39

An algorithm that takes one character and replaces it with one character.

Front 40

symmetric cryptographic algorithm:

Back 40

Encryption that uses a single key to encrypt and decrypt a message.

Front 41

Triple Data Encryption Standard(3DES):

Back 41

A symmetric cipher that was designed to replace DES.

Front 42

TPM:

Back 42

A chip on the motherboard of the computer that provide cryptographic services.

Front 43

twofish:

Back 43

A later derivation of the blowfish algorithm that is considered to be strong.

Front 44

whole disk encryption:

Back 44

Cryptography that can be applies to entire disk.