Chapter 11 Antimicrobial

Front 1

name 6 antimicrobal agents

Back 1

1-static agents
2-cital agents
3-resistance
4-terms
5-effectiveness
6-mode of action

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-STATIC AGENTS

Back 2

TEMPORARILY PREVENT THE GROWTH OF MICROBES

Front 3

GIVE TWO EXAMPLES OF -STATIC AGENTS

Back 3

BACTERIOSTATIC
FUNGISTATIC

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-CITAL AGENTS

Back 4

KILLING OR DESTROYING A MICROBE

Front 5

GIVE TWO EXAMPLES OF -CITAL AGENTS

Back 5

GERMICIDE
BACTERICIDE

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RESISTANCE

Back 6

1- HIGHEST-SPORES& PRIONS
2-MODERATE- NAKED VIRUS,CYSTS,FUGAL SPORES,SOME BACTERIA
3-LEAST- MOST BACTERIA,ENVELOPED VIRUS, YEAST

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STERILIZATION

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A PROCESS THAT DESTROYS OR REMOVES ALL VIABLE MICROBES, INCLUDING SPORES AND VIRUSES.
USED ON INANIMATE OBJECTS

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DISINFECTION

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THE DESTRUCTION OF PATHOGENIC NONSPORULATING MICROBES AND THEIR TOXINS, USED ON INANIMATE OBJECTS. WILL NOT KILL BACTERIAL SPORES

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ANTISEPSIS

Back 9

CHEMICAL TREATMENTS TO KILL OR INHIBIT THE GROWTH OF ALL VEGATIVE MICROBES ON BODY SURFACES.

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NAME 5 AREAS A ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT CAN ATTACK- MODE OF ACTION

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1- CELL WALL
2- CELL MEMBRANE
3- NUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS
4- PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
5- PROTEIN FUNCTION

Front 11

HOW DOES ANTIMICROBALS ATTACK THE CELL WALL-NAME TWO AGENTS

Back 11

BLOCK SYNTHESIS
DEGRADE CELLULAR COMPONENTS
DESTROY OR REDUCE STABILITY

PENICILLIN-ALCHOLS

Front 12

HOW DOES ANTIMICROBIALS ATTACK CELL MEMBRANE- NAME A AGENT

Back 12

BIND AND PENETRATE LIPIDS
LOSE SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY( CAUSES LEAKAGE)
SURFACTANTS( DETERGENT)

Front 13

HOW DOES ANTIMICROBIALS ATTACK THE NUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS- NAME TWO AGENTS

Back 13

STOP TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION
MUTATIONS

FORMALDEHYDE--RADIATION

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HOW DOES ANTIMICROBIALS ATTACK PROTEIN SYNTHESIS- NAME A AGENT

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STOPS TRANSLATION
PREVENTS PEPTIDE BONDS

CHLORAMPHENICOL

Front 15

HOW DOES ANTIMICROBIALS ATTACK PROTEIN FUNCTIONS- NAME TWO AGENTS

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BLOCK PROTEIN ACTIVE SITES
PREVENTS BINDING TO SUBSTRATE
DENATURE PROTEIN

HEAT-PH CHANGE-ALCHOLS-ACIDS- PHENOLICS- METALLIC IONS

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NAME THREE PHYSICAL CONTROLS OF ANTIMICROBIALS

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1- HEAT
2- RADIATION
3- FILTRATION

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NAME TWO TYPES OF HEAT USED AS ANTIMICROBIALS

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1- MOIST HEAT
2- DRY HEAT

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MOIST HEAT MODE OF ACTION

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COAGULATION OF PROTEINS( CLUMPING TOGETHER)
DENATURATION OF PROTEINS

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DRY HEATS MODE OF ACTION

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DEHYDRATION
DENATURATION
OXIDATION( BURNING TO ASHES)

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NAME 4 TYPES OF MOIST HEAT

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1- STEAM OR PRESSURE
2- TYNDALLIZATION
3- PASTERURIZATION
4- BOILING WATER

Front 21

WHAT ARE PROPERTIES OF STEAM AND PRESSURE

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TEMPERATURES OVER 100
DESTROYS SPORES
STERILIZES INANIMATE OBJECTS

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WHAT ARE THE PROPERTIES OF TYNDALLIZATION

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INTERMITTENT STERILIZATION
USED FOR CANNED FOODS
WILL NOT DESTROY SPORES
EXPOSURE TO FREE-FLOWING STEAM FOR 30 TO 60 MINUTES

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TYNDALLIZATION

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FRACTIONAL STERILIZATION DESIGNED TO DESTROY SPORES INDIRECTLY. A PREPARATION IS EXPOSED TO FLOWING STEAM FOR AN HOUR, AND THEN THE MINERAL IS ALLOWED TO INCUBATE TO PREMIT SPORE GERMINATION. THE RESULTANT VEGATIVE CELLS ARE DESTROYED BY REPEATED STEAMING AND INCUBATION

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WHAT ARE THE PROPERTIES OF PASTERIZATION

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DISINFECTION OF BEVERAGES
STOPS FERMINATION
PREVENTS THE TRANSMISSION OF MILK- BORNE DISEASES

Front 25

WHAT ARE THE PROPERTIES OF BOILING WATER

Back 25

DECONTAMINATES AT 100* C FOR 30 MINUTES
KILLS MOST NON-SPORE FORMING PATHOGENS

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NAME TWO TYPES OF DRY HEAT

Back 26

1-HOT AIR
2- INCINERATION

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WHEN IS HOT AIR EFFECTIVE

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150* C TO 180* C FOR 2-4 HRS

INANIMATE OBJECTS AND OILS

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INCINERATION

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DESTROYS MICROBES TO ASHES OR GASES

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EFFECTS OF COLD ON MICROBES

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REDUCE THE ACTIVITY OF SOME MICROBES, NOT PSYCHROPHILES

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EFFECTS OF DESSICATION ON MICROBES

Back 30

DEHYDRATES AND KILLS SOME MICROBES

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LYOPHILIZATION

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FREEZING AND DRYING METHOD USED TO PRESERVE MICROBES

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RADIATION

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ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES OR RAYS, SUCH AS THOSE OF LIGHT GIVEN OFF FROM AN ENERGY SOURCE

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NAME THREE TYPES OF IONIZED RADIATION

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GAMMA RAYS- HIGH ENERGY
X-RAYS-INTERMEDIATE ENERGY
CATHODE RAYS- LEAST ENERGY

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NAME A NONIONIZING FORM OF RADIATION

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ULTRAVIOLET RAYS

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IONIZING RADIATION PROPERTIES

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EJECTS ORBITAL ELECTRONS FROM A ATOM

BREAKS BONDS

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NONIONIZING RADIATION PROPERTIES

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RAISES ATOMS TO A HIGHER ENERGY STATE

DOES NOT BREAK BONDS

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FILTRATION

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REMOVES MICROBES AND SPORES FROM THE AIR AND LIQUIDS

PERFORATED MEMBRANES

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GIVE TWO EXAMPLES OF HALOGENS

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1- CHLORINE

2- IODINE

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GIVE TWO EXAMPLES OF PHENOLICS

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1- HEXACHLOROPHENE

2- TRICLORSAN( INGR. IN EVERYTHING FROM SOAP TO KITTY LITTER)

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GIVE SOME EXAMPLES OF ALCOHOLS

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1- ETHYL ALCHOL
2- ISOPROPYL( 70% ALCHOL)
3- GERMICIDAL
4- SKIN DEGERMING

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HYDROGEN PERIOXDE PROPERTIES

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COLORLESS AND CAUSTIC
FORM HYDROXYL FREE RADICALS
SKIN AND WOUND CLEANER
QUICK METHOD FOR STERILIZING MEDICAL EQUIPMENT

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GIVE TWO EXAMPLES OF DETERGENTS

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1- QUATERNARY AMMONIUM
2- SOAPS

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PROPERTIES OF DETERGANTS

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QUATS- BIND AND DISRUPT CELL MEMBRANE
LOWW LEVEL DISINFECTANT IN CLINICAL SETTING
SOAPS-MORE EFFECTIVE IF MIXED WITH GERMICIDES

Front 44

PROPERTIES OF HEAVY METALS

Back 44

INACTIVATE PROTEINS
USED AS PRESERVATIVES IN COSMETICS AND OPHTHALMIC SOLUTIONS

Front 45

PROPERTIES OF ALDEHYDES

Back 45

CROSSLINK WITH PROTEINS ON THE CELL SURFACE
DISINFECTANT FOR SURGICAL INSTRUTMENTS

Front 46

PROPERTIES OF GASES USED AS ANTIMICROBIAL

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REACTS WITH FUNCTIONAL GROUPS OF DNA AND PROTEINS
STERILIZES AND DISINFECTS PLASTIC MATERIALS

Front 47

PROPERTIES OF ACIDS AND ALKALIS

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ACETIC ACID
AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE
PREVENTS SPORE GERMINATION
FOOD PRESERVATIVE