Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
The biggest water reservior is what? |
The ocean |
|
|
|
Seawater is a |
Solution |
|
|
|
What two parts make up a solution? |
Solvent and Solute |
|
|
|
A solvent is usually a liquid, and is ________ abundant componet |
more |
more or less |
|
|
Solute is often a __________ or _________ a less abundant component, and is dissolved in _________ |
solid gas solvent |
|
|
|
In seawater, what is the solvent? |
Water |
|
|
|
In seawater, what is the solute? |
non-metals, metals, organic molecules and gases |
|
|
|
Because water is a polar molecule, it can easily dissolve many ____________ __________ |
ionic compounds |
|
|
|
Polar molecules do what to sodium chloride (table salt)?
Dissolving it as _______ |
pull apart
ions |
3 words not pushing, but... |
|
|
Ions surrounded by water molecules are |
hydrated |
|
|
|
Total quantity (or concentration) of dissolved inorganic solids in water is called |
Salinity |
another name for salt |
|
|
The ocean's salinity varies from |
3.3% to 3.7% by weight |
|
|
|
Name the 7 major elements that comprise 99% of seawater salinity? |
Sodium Chloride Sulfate Calcium Magnesium Bicarbonate Potassium |
|
|
|
Drilling a well is often called |
monitoring |
|
|
|
What does one use to measure the depth from the surface of a well to the groundwater below? |
a tape or water sensor |
|
|
|
4 ways to measure salinity |
evaporation electrical conductivity refraction chlorinity |
e, ec, r, c |
|
|
How does one measure salinity by evaporation? |
evaporate the water and measure the amount of salt left over |
|
|
|
Measuring salinity using electrical conductivity means |
the saltier the water, the more easily it conducts electricity |
|
|
|
The saltier the water the more it bends light is called |
refraction |
|
|
|
The amount of chloride ions in the water is proportional to the total |
salinity |
|
|
|
Where does the salts in the ocean come from? |
Rivers, deep sea hydrothermal vents |
|
|
|
Is the ocean getting saltier over time? |
No |
|
|
|
The ocean is not getting saltier over time because it is always at |
chemical equlibrium proportions stay the same
|
|
|
|
Do the proportions and amounts of dissolved material stay constant with time |
Yes |
|
|
|
Does the salinity stay the same if the ions coming in equals the amount of ions being removed.
|
Yes |
|
|
|
The average amount of time that an atom of each element spends in the ocean is called |
Residence time |
|
|
|
Residence Times vary over a large range, depending on |
how reactive an element is |
|
|
|
Gases dissolve from the atmosphere into the ocean at the
|
water's surface |
|
|
|
Concept of pH |
Acid substance that releases a hydrogen ion (H+) in a solution (acid is caused by excessive H+ ions)
A base substance combined with hydrogen ion (H+) in a solution becomes alkaline caused by excess OH- (Hydroxide) ions
|
|
|
|
What are the 3 main gases that dissolve in seawater? |
Nitrogen Oxygen Carbon Dioxide |
|
|
|
Because of the way individual gases dissolve, the proportions in seawater are different than the proportions of these gases in the atmosphere |
True |
|
|
|
Oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations are controlled by |
biological activity |
|
|
|
Two key proceses of oxygen and carbon dioxide are: |
photosynthesis by plants and phytoplankton Respiration by animals and bacteria |
|
|
|
Photosynthesis by plants produce oxygen and |
consume carbon dioxide |
|
|
|
Respiration by animals produce carbon dioxide and |
consume oxygen |
|
|
|
Photosynthesis by plants at the ocean surface (where there is sunlight) causes high levels of |
Oxygen and low levels of Carbon dioxide |
|
|
|
Photosynthesis below the surface (where there is not enough light for plants respiration by animals causes lower levels of |
oxygen and higher levels of carbon dioxide |
|
|
|
pH in the ocean varies with |
depth |
|
|
|
Pure water has a pH of 7 which means that the concentration of H+ is equal to |
OH- |
|
|
|
Measuring acidity is how you get |
pH |
|
|
|
Seawater is slightly |
Alkaline |
|
|
|
CO2 dissolved in water combined with water forms |
Carbonic Acid (H2CO3) |
|
