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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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genetics
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-scientific study of heredity
-core of revolution in understanding biology |
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fertilization
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-male and female reproductive cells join
-produces a new cell, which develops into a tiny embryo encase within a seed |
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true-breeding
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term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate
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pollination
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transfer of pollen from the male reproductive structure to the female reproductive structure
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trait
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specific characteristic that varies one individual to another
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hybrid
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offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
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gene
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sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
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alleles
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one of a number of different forms of a gene
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segregation
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separation of alleles during gamete formation
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gametes
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specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction
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probability
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likelihood that a particular event will occur
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Punnett square
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diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross
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homozygous
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term used to refer to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent
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heterozygous
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term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait
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phenotype
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physical characteristics of an organism
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genotype
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genetic makeup of an organism
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independent assortment
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independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes
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incomplete dominance
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situation in which one allele is not completely dominate over another
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codominance
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situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of an organism
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multiple alleles
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three or more alleles of the same gene
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polygenic traits
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trait controlled by two or more genes
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homologous
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term used to refer to chromosomes that each have a corrosponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent
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dipliod
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term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous of the body
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hapliod
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term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes
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meiosis
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process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell
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tetrad
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structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis
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crossing over
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process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis
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gene map
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diagram showing the relative locations of each known gene on a particular chromosome
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F1 cross
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first filial
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F2 cross
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self pollination
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